NURS 6501FINAL EXAM– QUESTION AND ANSWERS CORRECT ANSWERS

NURS 6501FINAL EXAM– QUESTION AND ANSWERS CORRECT ANSWERS An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? Selected Answer: b. Expressivity Correct Answer: b. Expressivity Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? Selected Answer: c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium Correct Answer: c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of: Selected Answer: a. Gene imprinting Correct Answer: a. Gene imprinting A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: Selected Answer: b. Plasma proteins Correct Answer: b. Plasma proteins During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as atrophy. Selected Answer: a. Physiologic Correct Answer: a. Physiologic What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Selected Answer: a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development Correct Answer: a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene. Selected Answer: d. Autosomal recessive Correct Answer: d. Autosomal recessive A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process? Selected Answer: d. Necrosis Correct Answer: d. Necrosis A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? Selected Answer: c. Nucleolus Correct Answer: c. Nucleolus A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing? Selected Answer: a. Hydrostatic pressure Correct Answer: a. Hydrostatic pressure How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? Selected Answer: c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) Correct Answer: c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in: Selected Answer: c. Reduced protein synthesis Correct Answer: c. Reduced protein synthesis The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? Selected Answer: d. Symport Correct Answer: d. Symport A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? Selected Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine) Correct Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine) A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response? Selected Answer: d. Pregnancy in women over age 35 Correct Answer: d. Pregnancy in women over age 35 The student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying the primary function of the nerve cell as: Selected Answer: b. Conductivity Correct Answer: d. Communication A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? Selected Answer: c. Tetraploidy Correct Answer: c. Tetraploidy Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: Selected Answer: a. Decreased ATP production Correct Answer: a. Decreased ATP production Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis? Selected Answer: d. Frameshift mutations Correct Answer: d. Frameshift mutations A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called: Selected Answer: c. Metaplasia Correct Answer: c. Metaplasia A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient? Selected Answer: d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion) Correct Answer: d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion) What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. Selected Answer: c. Turner syndrome Correct Answer: c. Turner syndrome A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential? Selected Answer: a. K+ rushing into the cell Correct Answer: b. Na+ rushing into the cell