PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Pharmacology for PTA board exams often involves understanding drug classifications,
mechanisms of action, side effects, interactions, and therapeutic uses relevant to physical therapy
practice. Here’s a set of representative questions with answers to help you prepare:

1. Drug Classes and Mechanisms of Action

Question:
What is the mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Answer:
NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. These
enzymes are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation,
pain, and fever. By blocking these enzymes, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins,
leading to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever. Common NSAIDs include ibuprofen,
naproxen, and aspirin.

2. Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Question:
What are common side effects of opioid analgesics?

Answer:
Common side effects of opioid analgesics include:

 Constipation: Opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility.
 Nausea and Vomiting: Opioids can affect the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system.
 Drowsiness: Opioids can depress the central nervous system.
 Respiratory Depression: High doses can slow breathing.
 Addiction and Dependence: Prolonged use can lead to physical and psychological dependence.

3. Drug Interactions

Question:
How do anticoagulants interact with NSAIDs?

Answer:
NSAIDs can increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants such as warfarin. This
interaction occurs because NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and affect blood clotting, which
can amplify the effects of anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding complications. It’s