Biology 11- Body Systems

HOMEOSTASIS:the body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
1. Thermoregulation ( temperature maintenance)
2. Osmoregulation (water maintenance)
3. Waste Management (excretion maintenance)




CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Function: to transport oxygen & nutrients through the blood to the rest of the body.


Open circulatory system:
● blood is not enclosed in vessels
● Blood is flow between body cavities
Closed circulatory system:
● Blood is always confined in vessels


Main Components of Circulatory System:
1. Heart
2. Blood
3. Blood vessels
➢ Arteries- carries blood AWAY from heart
➢ Veins- carries blood TO the heart
➢ Capillaries- connect arterioles & venules (gas & nutrient exchange)
➢ BLOOD COMPONENTS:
● Red blood cells: carries oxygen throughout the body


● White blood cells: attacks foreign substances and bacteria/viruses


● Platelets: helps with blood clotting


● Plasma: Makes up rest of blood (waters, salt, protein, nutrients, etc)

,Pathway of deoxygenated blood
➔ Step 1: superior/inferior vena cava
➔ Step 2: right atrium
➔ Step 3: tricuspid valve
➔ Step 4: right ventricle
➔ Step 5: pulmonary valve
➔ Step 6: pulmonary artery
➔ Step 7: the lungs
➔ Step 8: pulmonary veins
➔ Step 9: left atrium
➔ Step 10: mitral valve
➔ Step 11: left ventricle
➔ Step 12: Aorta

, BLOOD TYPES


Universal Recipient: AB+
Universal Donor: O-


Blood types Antigen Receive from Donate to

A A A, O A, AB

AB A and B A,B, AB, O AB

B B B,O B, AB

O None O everyone




Rhesus Factor
- inherited antigen on the RBC
- Rh-positive can not donate to negative
- Rh-negative can donate to positive & negative