Edexcel A-level Chemistry Organic Chem
Reactions 2024
Alkane to Halogenoalkane - Halogen and UV light (free radical substitution)
Alkene to Alkane - Hydrogen gas, Nickel catalyst and 150°C (addition)
Use of catalytic hydrogenation - Manufacture of margarine from unsaturated
vegetable oils
Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane - Add bromine LIQUID and shake (electrophilic
addition)
Alkene to hydroxyhalogenoalkane - Add bromine WATER and shake (electrophilic
addition: CH2(OH)CH2(Br)
Alkene to Alcohol - Steam (water), phosphoric (v) acid catalyst (reversible)
Alkenes to diol - Shake in acidified potassium manganate solution: purple solution
decolourises (oxidation)
Alkene to Halogenoalkane - Hydrogen halide
, Edexcel A-level Chemistry Organic Chem
Reactions 2024
Halogenoalkane to Alcohol - Reflux with aqueous KOH
Halogenoalkane with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol - Forms alcohol + halide ion
--> forms AgX precipitate (water acts as nucleophile)
Halogenoalkane to Nitriles - Reflux with KCN in ethanol
Halogenoalkane to Primary amine - Heat in sealed tube with excess conc ammonia
Halogenoalkane to Alkene - Reflux with KOH in ethanol (elimination)
Alcohol to Iodoalkane - Red phosphorus and iodine
Alcohol to Chloroalkane - PCl5
Alcohol to Bromoalkane - KBr, 50% conc H2SO4
Primary alcohol to Aldehyde - K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat and distil
Reactions 2024
Alkane to Halogenoalkane - Halogen and UV light (free radical substitution)
Alkene to Alkane - Hydrogen gas, Nickel catalyst and 150°C (addition)
Use of catalytic hydrogenation - Manufacture of margarine from unsaturated
vegetable oils
Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane - Add bromine LIQUID and shake (electrophilic
addition)
Alkene to hydroxyhalogenoalkane - Add bromine WATER and shake (electrophilic
addition: CH2(OH)CH2(Br)
Alkene to Alcohol - Steam (water), phosphoric (v) acid catalyst (reversible)
Alkenes to diol - Shake in acidified potassium manganate solution: purple solution
decolourises (oxidation)
Alkene to Halogenoalkane - Hydrogen halide
, Edexcel A-level Chemistry Organic Chem
Reactions 2024
Halogenoalkane to Alcohol - Reflux with aqueous KOH
Halogenoalkane with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol - Forms alcohol + halide ion
--> forms AgX precipitate (water acts as nucleophile)
Halogenoalkane to Nitriles - Reflux with KCN in ethanol
Halogenoalkane to Primary amine - Heat in sealed tube with excess conc ammonia
Halogenoalkane to Alkene - Reflux with KOH in ethanol (elimination)
Alcohol to Iodoalkane - Red phosphorus and iodine
Alcohol to Chloroalkane - PCl5
Alcohol to Bromoalkane - KBr, 50% conc H2SO4
Primary alcohol to Aldehyde - K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat and distil
