Comd 5070 Exam 2 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
affricates - ANSWER-shorter than fricative, longer then stop
C to V transition - ANSWER-F1 will increase
Difference of pressure from below and above the larynx
(pressure below-pressure above) - ANSWER-Transglottal pressure
duration of a CV transition - ANSWER-about 50ms
fricatives - ANSWER-longer than stops
How can we compute an estimate of laryngeal resistance - ANSWER-Measuring the
flow with a pnuemotach mask by estimating the subglottic pressure during the closure
for "p" when you measure oral air pressure
How can we get direct measures of subglottal pressure - ANSWER--Tracheal puncture
-Esophageal pressure
How can you get a reasonable estimate of subglottal pressure? - ANSWER-Measuring
intraoral air pressure when the pressure in the mouth is the same as the pressure below
the larynx, which is when the person produces a "p" and vowel: PA PA PA
How do formants change during speech? - ANSWER-some frequencies in a given
range are amplified in their amplitude and are more prominent than any other sounds in
the spectrum
**reflects the way the vocal tract is shaping the sound that the larynx gave to it**
How do formants differ for men women and children - ANSWER--Men's vocal tracts are
largest which alternates the frequencies
-Children have highest formant frequencies (smallest structures)
How do the numbers reflect our perception of intonation in speech - ANSWER-using
semitones reflects our perception of speech more closely
How do the rib cage and abdomen move as we speak - ANSWER--inhale: rib cage and
abdomen expand
-exhale: rib cage and abdomen contract
How do we measure exhaled volume - ANSWER-A Spirometer- Helps calculate FEV1
(Forces exhibitory volume in one second)
, How do you calculate frequency? - ANSWER-f=1/p
How do you calculate period? - ANSWER-1/f0
How do you calculate the average air flow (volume velocity) - ANSWER-volume/time
How do you change the loudness of the source - ANSWER--provide more pressure
from the lungs to the larynx
How do you change the pitch of the source - ANSWER--stretching the vocal folds which
changes the intensity of how the vibrate
how do you change the voice quality of the sound source - ANSWER-- adjusting the
space between the vocal folds
*specifically between the arytenoids
How do you measure the transglottal pressure - ANSWER-pressure below-pressure
above
How does a u-tube manometer work? - ANSWER-Pressure will displace the water and
the displacement can then be measured by measuring the difference in height
How does dehydration influence phonation threshold pressure - ANSWER-if vocal folds
are dried out, they are less flexible and requires an increase in the amount of pressure
needed to make them move
How does resistance determine how much air flows through the larynx - ANSWER--
higher resistance means lower flow;
-lower resistance means higher flow
how does the laryngeal devoicing gesture equalize pressure between trachea and
mouth - ANSWER-When vocal folds abduct, the trachea and mouth are linked, which
causes the pressure to equalize very quickly (no pressure drop at larynx)
How does vocal fatigue influence phonation threshold pressure - ANSWER-Vocal folds
become slightly swollen, which requires more pressure to get them to oscillate.
How much subglottal pressure is enough for speaking? - ANSWER-normal speech: 5-7
cmH2O
very loud speech: 15-20 cmH2O
If measuring pressure on lung side of a fricative constriction /s/ what would pressure be
like? - ANSWER-much higher than atmospheric pressure.
If you were to produce a stop consonant, like a /t/ or a /d/, pressure would be higher or
lower than a fricative? - ANSWER-higher than a fricative
Complete Solutions
affricates - ANSWER-shorter than fricative, longer then stop
C to V transition - ANSWER-F1 will increase
Difference of pressure from below and above the larynx
(pressure below-pressure above) - ANSWER-Transglottal pressure
duration of a CV transition - ANSWER-about 50ms
fricatives - ANSWER-longer than stops
How can we compute an estimate of laryngeal resistance - ANSWER-Measuring the
flow with a pnuemotach mask by estimating the subglottic pressure during the closure
for "p" when you measure oral air pressure
How can we get direct measures of subglottal pressure - ANSWER--Tracheal puncture
-Esophageal pressure
How can you get a reasonable estimate of subglottal pressure? - ANSWER-Measuring
intraoral air pressure when the pressure in the mouth is the same as the pressure below
the larynx, which is when the person produces a "p" and vowel: PA PA PA
How do formants change during speech? - ANSWER-some frequencies in a given
range are amplified in their amplitude and are more prominent than any other sounds in
the spectrum
**reflects the way the vocal tract is shaping the sound that the larynx gave to it**
How do formants differ for men women and children - ANSWER--Men's vocal tracts are
largest which alternates the frequencies
-Children have highest formant frequencies (smallest structures)
How do the numbers reflect our perception of intonation in speech - ANSWER-using
semitones reflects our perception of speech more closely
How do the rib cage and abdomen move as we speak - ANSWER--inhale: rib cage and
abdomen expand
-exhale: rib cage and abdomen contract
How do we measure exhaled volume - ANSWER-A Spirometer- Helps calculate FEV1
(Forces exhibitory volume in one second)
, How do you calculate frequency? - ANSWER-f=1/p
How do you calculate period? - ANSWER-1/f0
How do you calculate the average air flow (volume velocity) - ANSWER-volume/time
How do you change the loudness of the source - ANSWER--provide more pressure
from the lungs to the larynx
How do you change the pitch of the source - ANSWER--stretching the vocal folds which
changes the intensity of how the vibrate
how do you change the voice quality of the sound source - ANSWER-- adjusting the
space between the vocal folds
*specifically between the arytenoids
How do you measure the transglottal pressure - ANSWER-pressure below-pressure
above
How does a u-tube manometer work? - ANSWER-Pressure will displace the water and
the displacement can then be measured by measuring the difference in height
How does dehydration influence phonation threshold pressure - ANSWER-if vocal folds
are dried out, they are less flexible and requires an increase in the amount of pressure
needed to make them move
How does resistance determine how much air flows through the larynx - ANSWER--
higher resistance means lower flow;
-lower resistance means higher flow
how does the laryngeal devoicing gesture equalize pressure between trachea and
mouth - ANSWER-When vocal folds abduct, the trachea and mouth are linked, which
causes the pressure to equalize very quickly (no pressure drop at larynx)
How does vocal fatigue influence phonation threshold pressure - ANSWER-Vocal folds
become slightly swollen, which requires more pressure to get them to oscillate.
How much subglottal pressure is enough for speaking? - ANSWER-normal speech: 5-7
cmH2O
very loud speech: 15-20 cmH2O
If measuring pressure on lung side of a fricative constriction /s/ what would pressure be
like? - ANSWER-much higher than atmospheric pressure.
If you were to produce a stop consonant, like a /t/ or a /d/, pressure would be higher or
lower than a fricative? - ANSWER-higher than a fricative
