Pulmonary Function Testing -Answered
A lung capacity consists of? - ANSWER-2 or more lung volumes.
A measured value of less than 75% predicted MVV indicates? - ANSWER-Moderate
and Severe Airway Obstruction
A volume measuring spirometer should have a capacity of at least what? and it should
measure volumes with less than what percentage error? - ANSWER-Should have a
capacity of at least 8 L and should measure volumes with less than 3% error or within
50ml of a reference value.
Bronchial Challenge? - ANSWER-*Think Asthma
Methacholine is most often used w/ most predictable results
*Some patients show hyperreactive airways with saline alone
*A positive response to Saline is defined as FEV1 of 10%
Bronchial Provocation Testing is - ANSWER-Uses an agent to stimulate a hyperreactive
airway response and to create airway obstruction.
Inhaling Methacholine is the most popular technique with the most predictable results.
Describe the pathophysiologic patterns associated with Obstructive lung disease? -
ANSWER-Primary abnormality in obstructive disease is increased airways resistance
Describe the pathophysiologic patterns associated with Restrictive lung disease? -
ANSWER-Primary problem in restrictive disease is Reduced lung, thoracic compliance
or both.
Describe the purpose for the bronchial challenge test? - ANSWER-When Patients
history suggests episodic symptoms of hyperractive airways and obstruction, such as
seasonal or exercise induced wheezing, and the results of baseline spirometry are
normal, performing a bronchial provocation may be indicated.
Describe the technique for the bronchial challenge test? - ANSWER-Methacholine is
most often used w/ most predictable results
*Some patients show hyperreactive airways with saline alone
*A positive response to Saline is defined as FEV1 of 10%
Done by performing spirometry after inhaling different strengths of methacholine (0.03 -
16 mg/mL)
Doses doubled and FVC repeated until 20% decrease in FEV1 or until full dose is
administered, 16 mg/ml.
Bronchodilator is administered by small-volume nebulizer or MDI
Expiratory Reserve Volume ERV - ANSWER-Total amount of gas that can be exhaled
from the lung after a quiet exhalation.
, Flow measuring Devices are called? - ANSWER-Pneumotachometer
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second FEV1 - ANSWER-*Measurement of the Voulme
exhaled in the first second of FVC.
*To ensure validity measurement must originate from a set of 3 acceptable FVC trials.
*The 1st second of Forced Exhalation begins at the zero time point.
*To ensure reliability of FEV1, the largest FEV1 and the second largest FEV1 from the
acceptable trials should not vary by more than 0.150 L.
Forced Vital Capacity FVC - ANSWER-Most common test of pulmonary mechanics
Many measurements are made while patient is performing FVC maneuver.
FVC is effort-dependent maneuver, needs careful pt instruction & cooperation
To Ensure validity, each pt must do at least 3 FVC maneuvers.
Functional Residual Capacity FRC - ANSWER-Total amount of gas left in the lungs
after a resting expiration.
How is Diffussion Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) expressed? -
ANSWER-ml/min/mm Hg
Inspiratory Reserve Volume IRV - ANSWER-Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled
after a normal quiet inspiration.
Ispiratory Capacity IC - ANSWER-Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled from the
resting end expiratory level or FRC; Sum of the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
volume.
List the measurements that indicate pulmonary mechanics? - ANSWER-FVC
FEV1
Several FEF values
Forced inspiratory flow rates, and
MVV
List the parameters that can be measured by a Spirometer? - ANSWER-FVC
FEV1
Several FEF values
Forced inspiratory flow rates, and
MVV
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation MVV - ANSWER-Effort dependent test where patient is
asked to breathe as deeply and as rapidly as possible for at least 12 seconds.
Test reflects Patient cooperation and effort.
Normal values for PEF? - ANSWER-9.5 L/sec
A lung capacity consists of? - ANSWER-2 or more lung volumes.
A measured value of less than 75% predicted MVV indicates? - ANSWER-Moderate
and Severe Airway Obstruction
A volume measuring spirometer should have a capacity of at least what? and it should
measure volumes with less than what percentage error? - ANSWER-Should have a
capacity of at least 8 L and should measure volumes with less than 3% error or within
50ml of a reference value.
Bronchial Challenge? - ANSWER-*Think Asthma
Methacholine is most often used w/ most predictable results
*Some patients show hyperreactive airways with saline alone
*A positive response to Saline is defined as FEV1 of 10%
Bronchial Provocation Testing is - ANSWER-Uses an agent to stimulate a hyperreactive
airway response and to create airway obstruction.
Inhaling Methacholine is the most popular technique with the most predictable results.
Describe the pathophysiologic patterns associated with Obstructive lung disease? -
ANSWER-Primary abnormality in obstructive disease is increased airways resistance
Describe the pathophysiologic patterns associated with Restrictive lung disease? -
ANSWER-Primary problem in restrictive disease is Reduced lung, thoracic compliance
or both.
Describe the purpose for the bronchial challenge test? - ANSWER-When Patients
history suggests episodic symptoms of hyperractive airways and obstruction, such as
seasonal or exercise induced wheezing, and the results of baseline spirometry are
normal, performing a bronchial provocation may be indicated.
Describe the technique for the bronchial challenge test? - ANSWER-Methacholine is
most often used w/ most predictable results
*Some patients show hyperreactive airways with saline alone
*A positive response to Saline is defined as FEV1 of 10%
Done by performing spirometry after inhaling different strengths of methacholine (0.03 -
16 mg/mL)
Doses doubled and FVC repeated until 20% decrease in FEV1 or until full dose is
administered, 16 mg/ml.
Bronchodilator is administered by small-volume nebulizer or MDI
Expiratory Reserve Volume ERV - ANSWER-Total amount of gas that can be exhaled
from the lung after a quiet exhalation.
, Flow measuring Devices are called? - ANSWER-Pneumotachometer
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second FEV1 - ANSWER-*Measurement of the Voulme
exhaled in the first second of FVC.
*To ensure validity measurement must originate from a set of 3 acceptable FVC trials.
*The 1st second of Forced Exhalation begins at the zero time point.
*To ensure reliability of FEV1, the largest FEV1 and the second largest FEV1 from the
acceptable trials should not vary by more than 0.150 L.
Forced Vital Capacity FVC - ANSWER-Most common test of pulmonary mechanics
Many measurements are made while patient is performing FVC maneuver.
FVC is effort-dependent maneuver, needs careful pt instruction & cooperation
To Ensure validity, each pt must do at least 3 FVC maneuvers.
Functional Residual Capacity FRC - ANSWER-Total amount of gas left in the lungs
after a resting expiration.
How is Diffussion Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) expressed? -
ANSWER-ml/min/mm Hg
Inspiratory Reserve Volume IRV - ANSWER-Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled
after a normal quiet inspiration.
Ispiratory Capacity IC - ANSWER-Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled from the
resting end expiratory level or FRC; Sum of the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
volume.
List the measurements that indicate pulmonary mechanics? - ANSWER-FVC
FEV1
Several FEF values
Forced inspiratory flow rates, and
MVV
List the parameters that can be measured by a Spirometer? - ANSWER-FVC
FEV1
Several FEF values
Forced inspiratory flow rates, and
MVV
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation MVV - ANSWER-Effort dependent test where patient is
asked to breathe as deeply and as rapidly as possible for at least 12 seconds.
Test reflects Patient cooperation and effort.
Normal values for PEF? - ANSWER-9.5 L/sec
