Straighterline Communications 101 Questions With Complete Solutions

Communication - ANS the process of using messages to generate meaning Meaning - ANS the understand of the message Components of communication - ANS People, messages, channels, feedback, codes, encoding and decoding, and noise Message - ANS the verbal and nonverbal form of the idea, thought or feeling that one person (the source) wishes to communication to another person or a group of people (the receivers) Channel - ANS the means by which a message moves from the source to the receiver of the message feedback - ANS the receiver's verbal and nonverbal response to the source's message code - ANS a systematic arrangement of symbols used to create meanings in the mind of another person or persons noise - ANS any interference in the encoding and decoding processes that reduces the clarity of the message situation - ANS the location where communication takes place communication contexts - ANS intrapersonal, interpersonal, public, mass, digitally mediated perception - ANS using the senses to process information about the external environment subjective perception - ANS your uniquely constructed meaning attributed to sensed stimuli perceptual constancy - ANS the idea that your past experiences lead you to see the world in a way that is difficult to change; your initial perceptions persist role - ANS the part you play in various social contexts selection, organization and interpretation - ANS 3 activities during perception selection - ANS neglecting some stimuli and focusing on others four types of selectivity - ANS selective exposure, selective attention, selective perception, selective retention selective exposure - ANS exposing yourself to information that reinforces, rather than contradicts, your beliefs or opinions selective attention - ANS focusing on certain cues and ignoring others selective perception - ANS the tendency to see, hear and believe only what you want to see, hear and believe selective retention - ANS the tendency to remember better the things that reinforce your beliefs than those that oppose them organization - ANS the grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes figure and ground - ANS the focal point of your attention and the background against which your focused attention occurs closure - ANS the tendency to fill in missing information in order to complete an otherwise incomplete figure or statement proximity - ANS people or objects that are close to each other in time or space are seen as meaningfully related similarity - ANS elements are grouped together because they resemble each other in size, color shape or other attributes interpretation - ANS the assignment of meaning to stimuli stereotyping - ANS occurs when we offer a hasty generalization about a group based on a judgment about an individual from that group prejudice - ANS an unfavorable predisposition about an individual because of their membership in a stereotyped group first impression - ANS an initial opinion about people upon meeting them; may form in as little as three seconds perception checking - ANS a process of describing, interpreting, and verifying that helps us understand another person and his or her message more accurately intrapersonal communication - ANS communication with oneself Symbolic Interactionism - ANS the process of development of the self through the messages and feedback received from others self-presentation - ANS the way we portray ourselves to others impression management - ANS sharing personal details in order to present an idealized self manner - ANS both verbal and nonverbal codes appearance - ANS may suggest a role you are playing, a value you hold, your personality or your view of the communication setting setting - ANS your immediate environment as well as other public displays of who you are language - ANS a collection of symbols, letters, or words with arbitrary meanings that are governed by rules and used to communicate semantics - ANS the study of the way humans use language to evoke meaning in others syntax - ANS the way in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences pragmatics - ANS the study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the communicators descriptiveness - ANS the practice of describing observed behavior or phenomena instead of offering personal reactions or judgements dating - ANS specifying when you made an observation, since everything changes over time indexing - ANS identifying the uniqueness of objects, events, and people observations - ANS descriptions of what is sensed inferences - ANS conclusions drawn from observations ways of being descriptive - ANS checking your perceptions, paraphrasing, using operational definitions and defining terms nonverbal codes - ANS bodily movement and facial expression, bodily appearance, space, time, touching, and vocal cues nonverbal communication - ANS the process of using messages other than words to create meaning with others kinesics - ANS the study of bodily movements, including posture, gestures, and facial expressions categories of movement - ANS emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors emblems - ANS nonverbal movements that substitute for words and phrases illustrators - ANS nonverbal movements that accompany or reinforce verbal messages affect displays - ANS nonverbal movements of the face and body used to show emotion regulators - ANS nonverbal movements that control the flow or pace of communication adaptors - ANS Nonverbal movements that usually involve the unintended touching or manipulating of our bodies or artifacts to fulfill some physical or psychological need. proxemics - ANS the study of the human use of space and distance territoriality - ANS your need to establish and maintain certain spaces as your own personal space - ANS the personal "bubble" that moves around with you intimate distance - ANS from you outward to 18 inches, used by people who are intimate friends or family personal distance - ANS (18 inches to 4 feet) the space used when interacting with friends and acquaintances social distance - ANS ranges from 4-12 feet and used most often to carry out business in the workplace or in formal social situations public distance - ANS exceeds 12 feet, used most often in public speaking chronemics - ANS the way that people organize and use time and the messages that are created because of their organization and use of that time tactile communication - ANS the use of touch in communication Paralinguistic features - ANS the nonword sounds and nonword characteristics of language, such as pitch, volume, rate, and quality pitch - ANS the highness or lowness of your voice rate - ANS how rapidly or slowly you speak volume - ANS the loudness or softness of the speaker's voice quality - ANS The unique resonance of the voice, such as huskiness, nasality, raspiness, or whininess. nonword sounds - ANS "mmh," "huh," "ahh," and the like, as well as pauses or the absence of sound used for effect in speaking pronunciation - ANS whether or not you say a word correctly articulation - ANS whether or not your mouth, tongue and teeth coordinate to make a word understandable to others enunciation - ANS whether or not you combine pronunciation and articulation to produce a word with clarity and distinction so that it can be understood silence - ANS the lack of sound objectics - ANS the study of the human use of clothing and other artifacts as nonverbal codes artifacts - ANS ornaments or adornments you display that hold communicative potential context - ANS includes the physical setting, the occasion, and the situation audience - ANS makes a difference in your nonverbal communication, so you have to adapt feedback - ANS can be very important in helping others interpret your nonverbal cues that might otherwise distract your listeners