BBH 101 Exam 3 Practice Questions and
Solutions
Cardiovascular Disease ✅-Refers to a variety of diseases of the heart, blood vessels,
or both
-Includes: coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke
-Leading cause of death
Hypertension ✅-Most common form of CVD
-Abnormally high blood pressure
Coronary artery disease and stroke contribute to... ✅highest death rate
What are the time trends for CAD mortality? ✅Death rates have peaked in 1960's and
have DECLINED on average since them
What is the decline in CAD mortality rates due to? ✅-Decline due to improved
prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary)
What is CVD often associated with? ✅Atherosclerosis
-Slow process of the build-up of atheromatous plaque
Thrombus ✅Blood clot formed in sit within the vascular system of the body and
impedes/delays blood flow
Embolus ✅Blood clot, air bubble, fatty deposit, etc. that has been carried to the blood
stream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism (blocking of an artery)
Ischemia ✅reduction of blood flow
Angina ✅chest pains when the heart is not getting enough blood
Infarction ✅tissue died due to lack of blood flow, can lead to death
What are the most common fatal outcomes of CVD? ✅-Myocardial infarction (heart
attack)
-Stroke
NIHONSN Study ✅Interested in importance of genetic background or environment
Outcome- environmental factors were the most important
, Bogalusa Heart Study ✅Found that children as young as 7 years old were forming
plaques
-Atherosclerosis develops early on
The NIHONSN study emphasized the importance of what type of risk factor?
✅Environmental
What are the uncontrollable risk factors of CVD? ✅Age
Sex
Race
Family History
What are the controllable risk factors of CVD? ✅Hypertension
Overweight/obesity
Cholesterol
Smoking
Alcohol
Dietary fat
What is type A personality? ✅Involves competitiveness, sense of time urgency,
hostility
-One study found that these people were 2 times more at risk for CAD (there were
problems with the study)
Screening for CVD ✅Blood pressure, cholesterol, BMI, waist circumference, blood
glucose
What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)? ✅Make sure heart beat
is regular
What does an echocardiogram do? ✅Uses sound waves to visualize the heart
Creates image of the heart
What does a coronary angiograph due? ✅Finds coronary blockages, able to visualize
the blood vessels
*Most common way*
How can you prevent CVD? ✅-Diet and lifestyle changes
-Medications
What do statins do as a medication of CVD treatment? ✅Decrease cholesterol
production in the liver
What does Asprin do as a medication of CVD treatment? ✅Anti-inflammatory, thins the
blood, makes it less likely to clog
Solutions
Cardiovascular Disease ✅-Refers to a variety of diseases of the heart, blood vessels,
or both
-Includes: coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke
-Leading cause of death
Hypertension ✅-Most common form of CVD
-Abnormally high blood pressure
Coronary artery disease and stroke contribute to... ✅highest death rate
What are the time trends for CAD mortality? ✅Death rates have peaked in 1960's and
have DECLINED on average since them
What is the decline in CAD mortality rates due to? ✅-Decline due to improved
prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary)
What is CVD often associated with? ✅Atherosclerosis
-Slow process of the build-up of atheromatous plaque
Thrombus ✅Blood clot formed in sit within the vascular system of the body and
impedes/delays blood flow
Embolus ✅Blood clot, air bubble, fatty deposit, etc. that has been carried to the blood
stream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism (blocking of an artery)
Ischemia ✅reduction of blood flow
Angina ✅chest pains when the heart is not getting enough blood
Infarction ✅tissue died due to lack of blood flow, can lead to death
What are the most common fatal outcomes of CVD? ✅-Myocardial infarction (heart
attack)
-Stroke
NIHONSN Study ✅Interested in importance of genetic background or environment
Outcome- environmental factors were the most important
, Bogalusa Heart Study ✅Found that children as young as 7 years old were forming
plaques
-Atherosclerosis develops early on
The NIHONSN study emphasized the importance of what type of risk factor?
✅Environmental
What are the uncontrollable risk factors of CVD? ✅Age
Sex
Race
Family History
What are the controllable risk factors of CVD? ✅Hypertension
Overweight/obesity
Cholesterol
Smoking
Alcohol
Dietary fat
What is type A personality? ✅Involves competitiveness, sense of time urgency,
hostility
-One study found that these people were 2 times more at risk for CAD (there were
problems with the study)
Screening for CVD ✅Blood pressure, cholesterol, BMI, waist circumference, blood
glucose
What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)? ✅Make sure heart beat
is regular
What does an echocardiogram do? ✅Uses sound waves to visualize the heart
Creates image of the heart
What does a coronary angiograph due? ✅Finds coronary blockages, able to visualize
the blood vessels
*Most common way*
How can you prevent CVD? ✅-Diet and lifestyle changes
-Medications
What do statins do as a medication of CVD treatment? ✅Decrease cholesterol
production in the liver
What does Asprin do as a medication of CVD treatment? ✅Anti-inflammatory, thins the
blood, makes it less likely to clog
