Bio 436 Lecture 7 Review Questions and
Correct Answers– Blood
Dissolved Gases (Plasma) ✅Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood, includes
carbon dioxide and oxygen
Large Plasma Proteins (Plasma) ✅Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood,
more specifically made up of the proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen
Small/Soluble blood components i.e. antibodies (Plasma) ✅contains water, ions, trace
elements and vitamins, and organic molecules (amino acids, proteins, lipids, glucose,
and nitrogenous waste)
Formed Elements, AKA cellular elements (Plasma) ✅red blood cells, white blood cells
(lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), platelets
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) ✅Make up 45% of the blood volume, are created
through the red bone marrow of the bones in a human. Carry oxygen throughout the
human body
Platelets (thrombocytes) ✅Are colorless blood cells that help blood clot. Are found in
the "Buffy Coat" of a blood sample
White Blood Cells (leucocytes) ✅Are a part of the body's immune system, help to fight
infection and diseases in the body. Are found in the "Buffy Coat" of a blood sample
What is a hematocrit? What is the normal range? ✅Hematocrit is the ratio of red blood
cells to the total blood volume. The normal hematocrit level for humans is 45%
What is the Buffy Coat? ✅The Buffy Coat is the layer of platelets and white blood cells
that is found on top of the red blood cells in a test tube of settled blood. These
substances make up less than 1% of the total blood volume
What is anemia? ✅Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin.
What is polycythemia? ✅A condition in where there is an increased ratio of red blood
cells to total blood volume- hematocrit of around 70% (NOTE: this condition can also
occur in someone who is dehydrated which decreases the total blood volume and
therefore increases the concentration of red blood cells- same hematocrit)
, What is erythropoietin (EPO)? ✅Is a hormone that is secreted from the kidney to the
rest of the body to signal the production of more red blood cells in the red bone marrow
of bones.
What is hemoglobin (Hb)? ✅Hemoglobin is a red protein that is responsible for
transporting oxygen in the human body. Is made up of 4 subunits called Heme. Are
found in red blood cells- there are about 280 million hemoglobins in one red blood cell
What is heme? ✅Heme is found in hemoglobin and makes up the four subunits of it.
Contains iron and helps bind the oxygen to the molecule as a whole.
What is agglutinate/agglutination? ✅is the clumping of particles, specifically found in
the blood. This is typically caused by a serological response to an antibody.
What blood type is the universal donor? ✅Type O
What blood type is the universal recipient? ✅Type AB
What does a chylomicron do? ✅transports cholesterol and lipids from intestine
(dietary) to liver via blood
What does LDL (Low density lipoprotein) do? ✅transports cholesterol and lipids from
liver to tissues. (Too much is bad, because if you build-up cholesterol and lipids in
tissues, i.e. arteries- this leads to plaque build up and arteriosclerosis)
BAD LIPOPROTEIN
What does HDL (High density lipoprotein) do? ✅transports excess cholesterol from
tissues and delivers it to the liver. ( HDL= Healthy, excess cholesterol from tissues is
properly disposed of or stored in the liver for future use)
What can be determined by a person's hematocrit? ✅Whether or not they are suffering
from any type of anemia, if they are dehydrated, certain diseases
What does anemia refer to? ✅Anemia refers to either a lack of red blood cells or the
distorted function of the existing red blood cells. Can have symptoms such as skin pallor
and general tiredness/dizziness
What is a problem associated with iron deficiency anemia? ✅This type of anemia is
when there is not enough iron in the body to manufacture red blood cells.
What is a problem associated with aplastic anemia? ✅This is a type of anemia where
there is a failure of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells correctly
Correct Answers– Blood
Dissolved Gases (Plasma) ✅Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood, includes
carbon dioxide and oxygen
Large Plasma Proteins (Plasma) ✅Makes up a portion of the plasma in the blood,
more specifically made up of the proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen
Small/Soluble blood components i.e. antibodies (Plasma) ✅contains water, ions, trace
elements and vitamins, and organic molecules (amino acids, proteins, lipids, glucose,
and nitrogenous waste)
Formed Elements, AKA cellular elements (Plasma) ✅red blood cells, white blood cells
(lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), platelets
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) ✅Make up 45% of the blood volume, are created
through the red bone marrow of the bones in a human. Carry oxygen throughout the
human body
Platelets (thrombocytes) ✅Are colorless blood cells that help blood clot. Are found in
the "Buffy Coat" of a blood sample
White Blood Cells (leucocytes) ✅Are a part of the body's immune system, help to fight
infection and diseases in the body. Are found in the "Buffy Coat" of a blood sample
What is a hematocrit? What is the normal range? ✅Hematocrit is the ratio of red blood
cells to the total blood volume. The normal hematocrit level for humans is 45%
What is the Buffy Coat? ✅The Buffy Coat is the layer of platelets and white blood cells
that is found on top of the red blood cells in a test tube of settled blood. These
substances make up less than 1% of the total blood volume
What is anemia? ✅Anemia is a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin.
What is polycythemia? ✅A condition in where there is an increased ratio of red blood
cells to total blood volume- hematocrit of around 70% (NOTE: this condition can also
occur in someone who is dehydrated which decreases the total blood volume and
therefore increases the concentration of red blood cells- same hematocrit)
, What is erythropoietin (EPO)? ✅Is a hormone that is secreted from the kidney to the
rest of the body to signal the production of more red blood cells in the red bone marrow
of bones.
What is hemoglobin (Hb)? ✅Hemoglobin is a red protein that is responsible for
transporting oxygen in the human body. Is made up of 4 subunits called Heme. Are
found in red blood cells- there are about 280 million hemoglobins in one red blood cell
What is heme? ✅Heme is found in hemoglobin and makes up the four subunits of it.
Contains iron and helps bind the oxygen to the molecule as a whole.
What is agglutinate/agglutination? ✅is the clumping of particles, specifically found in
the blood. This is typically caused by a serological response to an antibody.
What blood type is the universal donor? ✅Type O
What blood type is the universal recipient? ✅Type AB
What does a chylomicron do? ✅transports cholesterol and lipids from intestine
(dietary) to liver via blood
What does LDL (Low density lipoprotein) do? ✅transports cholesterol and lipids from
liver to tissues. (Too much is bad, because if you build-up cholesterol and lipids in
tissues, i.e. arteries- this leads to plaque build up and arteriosclerosis)
BAD LIPOPROTEIN
What does HDL (High density lipoprotein) do? ✅transports excess cholesterol from
tissues and delivers it to the liver. ( HDL= Healthy, excess cholesterol from tissues is
properly disposed of or stored in the liver for future use)
What can be determined by a person's hematocrit? ✅Whether or not they are suffering
from any type of anemia, if they are dehydrated, certain diseases
What does anemia refer to? ✅Anemia refers to either a lack of red blood cells or the
distorted function of the existing red blood cells. Can have symptoms such as skin pallor
and general tiredness/dizziness
What is a problem associated with iron deficiency anemia? ✅This type of anemia is
when there is not enough iron in the body to manufacture red blood cells.
What is a problem associated with aplastic anemia? ✅This is a type of anemia where
there is a failure of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells correctly
