The Human Body in Health and Disease 7th Edition by Patton
9780323711265 | All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What are the differences between endocrine and exocrine? - ANSWER: Endocrine glands are ductless
glands and they secrete chemicals (hormones) into intracellular spaces. Exocrine glands secrete their
products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity.
What does the endocrine system provides? - ANSWER: It provides slower but longer-lasting control by
way of hormones circulated by the blood.
The endocrine system function are? - ANSWER: Communication and control.
Location of the organs of the endocrine system throughout the body? - ANSWER: Cranial, neck,
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities.
What are the location of the endocrine glands? - ANSWER: Pituitary gland, Hypothalamus, Pineal
gland, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Thymus, Adrenal glands, Pancreatic Islet, Ovaries and Testes.
Mention two major classes of hormones? - ANSWER: Non-steroid hormones and Steroid hormones.
What are prostaglandins (PGs) influences? - ANSWER: They influence respiration, blood pressure,
gastrointestinal secretions, inflammation and the reproductive system.
Three classes of prostaglandins are? - ANSWER: Prostaglandin A (PGA), Prostaglandin E (PGE) and
Prostaglandin F (PGF)
Where are prostaglandins produced? - ANSWER: They are often produced in a tissue and diffused only
a short distance to act on cells in that tissue.
Define prostaglandin? - ANSWER: Are powerful substances found in a wide variety of body
What causes dwarfism? - ANSWER: Hypo-secretion of growth hormone during the growth years often
produces pituitary dwarfism.
How can dwarfism be treated? - ANSWER: With injections of synthetic growth hormones as skeleton
develops.
What are the characteristics or dwarfism? - ANSWER: They have a body of normal proportions but are
much smaller on overall size.
What is acromegaly? - ANSWER: It happens when the anterior pituitary gland secretes too much
growth hormone after the normal growth years.
What are the characteristics of acromegaly? - ANSWER: Enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet,
jaws and cheeks. Facial appearance results from a combination of bone and soft tissue overgrowth.
What is gigantism? - ANSWER: Hyper-secretion of growth hormone during early years of life.
How is the pituitary gland divided? - ANSWER: Into two endocrine glands.
What are the name of the two endocrine glands found in the pituitary gland? - ANSWER: Anterior
pituitary gland or adenohypophysis and the posterior pituitary gland or neurohypophysis.
What are the differences between anterior and posterior pituitary glands? - ANSWER: (Anterior)
adeno means glands, it has the structure of an endocrine gland.
(Posterior) neuro means nervous, it has the structure of a nervous tissue.
, Where does the pituitary gland lies? - ANSWER: Buried deep in the cranial cavity, in the small
depression of the sphenoid bone, called sella turcica "Turkish saddle."
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secretes? - ANSWER: 1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5. Growth hormone (GH)
6. Prolactin (PRL)
How are the anterior pituitary glands listed as? - ANSWER: Tropic hormone that stimulates another
endocrine gland to grow and secrete its hormones.
Why was the anterior pituitary called "master gland" in the past? - ANSWER: Because it exerts control
over the structure and function of the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the ovarian follicles, and the
corpus luteum.
Who control the secretions of the anterior pituitary? - ANSWER: The hypothalamus.
What are the functions of the Thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) and where does it act? - ANSWER:
(Tropic hormone) Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones. Acts on the thyroid gland.
What are the functions of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and where does it act? - ANSWER:
(Tropic hormone) Stimulates secretion of the adrenal cortex. Acts on the adrenal cortex.
What are the functions of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in female? - ANSWER: (Tropic
hormone) Female: stimulates development of ovarian follicles & secretion of estrogens.
What are the functions of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in male? - ANSWER: Male:
stimulates seminiferous tubules of testes to grow and produce sperm.
What are the functions of the Luteinizing hormone (LH) and where does it act? - ANSWER: (Tropic
hormone)
1. Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles and ovum.
2. Stimulates secretion of estrogen
3. Triggers ovulation
4. Stimulates development of corpus luteum (Luteinization)
It acts with FSH to perform several functions.
How is Luteinizing hormone (LH) sometimes called? - ANSWER: Ovulating hormone
What are the functions of Luteinizing hormone (LH) in male? - ANSWER: Stimulates interstitial cells of
the testes to secrete testosterone.
Luteinizing promotes luteinization, and what else? - ANSWER: Stimulates the corpus luteum to
produce the hormone progesterone.
What are the functions of the Growth Hormone (GH)? - ANSWER: 1. Stimulates growth in all organs
2. Mobilizes nutrient molecules, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration.
What is hypoglycemia and what causes it? - ANSWER: It is lower than normal blood glucose
concentration. it is caused by too much insulin in the blood.
9780323711265 | All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What are the differences between endocrine and exocrine? - ANSWER: Endocrine glands are ductless
glands and they secrete chemicals (hormones) into intracellular spaces. Exocrine glands secrete their
products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity.
What does the endocrine system provides? - ANSWER: It provides slower but longer-lasting control by
way of hormones circulated by the blood.
The endocrine system function are? - ANSWER: Communication and control.
Location of the organs of the endocrine system throughout the body? - ANSWER: Cranial, neck,
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities.
What are the location of the endocrine glands? - ANSWER: Pituitary gland, Hypothalamus, Pineal
gland, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Thymus, Adrenal glands, Pancreatic Islet, Ovaries and Testes.
Mention two major classes of hormones? - ANSWER: Non-steroid hormones and Steroid hormones.
What are prostaglandins (PGs) influences? - ANSWER: They influence respiration, blood pressure,
gastrointestinal secretions, inflammation and the reproductive system.
Three classes of prostaglandins are? - ANSWER: Prostaglandin A (PGA), Prostaglandin E (PGE) and
Prostaglandin F (PGF)
Where are prostaglandins produced? - ANSWER: They are often produced in a tissue and diffused only
a short distance to act on cells in that tissue.
Define prostaglandin? - ANSWER: Are powerful substances found in a wide variety of body
What causes dwarfism? - ANSWER: Hypo-secretion of growth hormone during the growth years often
produces pituitary dwarfism.
How can dwarfism be treated? - ANSWER: With injections of synthetic growth hormones as skeleton
develops.
What are the characteristics or dwarfism? - ANSWER: They have a body of normal proportions but are
much smaller on overall size.
What is acromegaly? - ANSWER: It happens when the anterior pituitary gland secretes too much
growth hormone after the normal growth years.
What are the characteristics of acromegaly? - ANSWER: Enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet,
jaws and cheeks. Facial appearance results from a combination of bone and soft tissue overgrowth.
What is gigantism? - ANSWER: Hyper-secretion of growth hormone during early years of life.
How is the pituitary gland divided? - ANSWER: Into two endocrine glands.
What are the name of the two endocrine glands found in the pituitary gland? - ANSWER: Anterior
pituitary gland or adenohypophysis and the posterior pituitary gland or neurohypophysis.
What are the differences between anterior and posterior pituitary glands? - ANSWER: (Anterior)
adeno means glands, it has the structure of an endocrine gland.
(Posterior) neuro means nervous, it has the structure of a nervous tissue.
, Where does the pituitary gland lies? - ANSWER: Buried deep in the cranial cavity, in the small
depression of the sphenoid bone, called sella turcica "Turkish saddle."
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secretes? - ANSWER: 1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5. Growth hormone (GH)
6. Prolactin (PRL)
How are the anterior pituitary glands listed as? - ANSWER: Tropic hormone that stimulates another
endocrine gland to grow and secrete its hormones.
Why was the anterior pituitary called "master gland" in the past? - ANSWER: Because it exerts control
over the structure and function of the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the ovarian follicles, and the
corpus luteum.
Who control the secretions of the anterior pituitary? - ANSWER: The hypothalamus.
What are the functions of the Thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) and where does it act? - ANSWER:
(Tropic hormone) Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones. Acts on the thyroid gland.
What are the functions of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and where does it act? - ANSWER:
(Tropic hormone) Stimulates secretion of the adrenal cortex. Acts on the adrenal cortex.
What are the functions of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in female? - ANSWER: (Tropic
hormone) Female: stimulates development of ovarian follicles & secretion of estrogens.
What are the functions of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in male? - ANSWER: Male:
stimulates seminiferous tubules of testes to grow and produce sperm.
What are the functions of the Luteinizing hormone (LH) and where does it act? - ANSWER: (Tropic
hormone)
1. Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles and ovum.
2. Stimulates secretion of estrogen
3. Triggers ovulation
4. Stimulates development of corpus luteum (Luteinization)
It acts with FSH to perform several functions.
How is Luteinizing hormone (LH) sometimes called? - ANSWER: Ovulating hormone
What are the functions of Luteinizing hormone (LH) in male? - ANSWER: Stimulates interstitial cells of
the testes to secrete testosterone.
Luteinizing promotes luteinization, and what else? - ANSWER: Stimulates the corpus luteum to
produce the hormone progesterone.
What are the functions of the Growth Hormone (GH)? - ANSWER: 1. Stimulates growth in all organs
2. Mobilizes nutrient molecules, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration.
What is hypoglycemia and what causes it? - ANSWER: It is lower than normal blood glucose
concentration. it is caused by too much insulin in the blood.
