MCBM Unit 1 - Set 1/2 (SL) with
Complete Solutions
Aspartic acid - ANSWER - Asp (D)
Negative
Glutamic acid - ANSWER - Glu (E)
Negative
Arginine - ANSWER - Arg (R)
Positive
Lysine - ANSWER - Lys (K)
Positive
Histidine - ANSWER - His (H)
Positive
Asparagine - ANSWER - Asn (N)
Polar
Glutamine - ANSWER - Gln (Q)
Polar
Serine - ANSWER - Ser (S)
Polar
Threonine - ANSWER - Thr (T)
Polar
,Tyrosine - ANSWER - Tyr (Y)
Polar
Physiology - ANSWER - Deals with organism function and how they sense/respond to their
environment. Molecules -> organ systems
Homeostasis - ANSWER - Physiological processes that help maintain the internal environment
of the organism within narrow limits. Parameters DO change (oscillations around a set point) but
there are mechanisms that return the parameter to a specific set point.
Steady state - ANSWER - Active process of no net change over time but REQUIRES INPUT OF
ENERGY. Rate of influx=efflux but there is flux throughout the system.
Alanine - ANSWER - Ala (A)
Nonpolar
Glycine - ANSWER - Gly (G)
Nonpolar
Valine - ANSWER - Val (V)
Nonpolar
Leucine - ANSWER - Leu (L)
Nonpolar
Isoleucine - ANSWER - Ile (I)
Nonpolar
Proline - ANSWER - Pro (P)
Nonpolar
,Phenylalanine - ANSWER - Phe (F)
Nonpolar
Methionine - ANSWER - Met (M)
Nonpolar
Tryptophan - ANSWER - Trp (W)
Nonpolar
Cysteine - ANSWER - Cys (C)
Nonpolar
Amino Acids - ANSWER -
Equilibrium - ANSWER - Passive process of no net change over time that doesn't require
energy (means a person is dead). It is the lowest energy state.
Feedback control system components - ANSWER - 1. Sensory receptor
2. Control center
3. Effector
Sensor detects deviations from set point that exceeds range, sends info to control center which
decides what to do and efferents to effector.
Negative feedback - ANSWER - Response generated by effector acts to oppose or remove the
stimulus to return body towards its setpoint. When the desired outcome is reached, the
feedback loop is shut.
Ex. blood pressure -> vasodilation/constriction
, Positive feedback - ANSWER - A rare system where response reinforces stimulus and acts to
BRING SYSTEM FURTHER FROM SETPOINT.
Ex. Blood clotting, labor and delivery
Canon's postulates - ANSWER - 1. Nervous system works to help maintain homeostasis
2. All systems maintain a tonic level of activity
3. Systems not under tonic control are under antagonistic control
4. Same chemical signal can have different effects in different tissues of the body
4 systems that relay information to the cell in response to environmental changes - ANSWER -
Nervous system, Endocrine system (long distance), and Autocrine & Paracrine system (within a
cell, cell to cell communication)
Ways that cells communicate with each other and with the body - ANSWER - Autocrine - self-
signaling
Paracrine - cell to cell signaling
Endocrine - hormones influencing cells from long distances
Neurotransmitters - single long axon with electrochemical signals
Neurohormones- electric signals send hormones into bloodstream
Significance of shifting components within compartments - ANSWER - Important function of
homeostasis is regulating communication via molecules within different compartments
(Interstitial fluid, vascular fluid, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid)
Sensitivity - ANSWER - Range of function around a set point. When parameter exceeds this
range, physiological mechanisms kick in.
Set point - ANSWER - Ideal value through which homeostasis is preserved around
Sensory receptors - ANSWER - Mostly peripheral receptors (eyes, ears, nose, tongue,
chemo/osmo/thermo/baro/poprioreceptors/pain) but can be sensory receptors
Complete Solutions
Aspartic acid - ANSWER - Asp (D)
Negative
Glutamic acid - ANSWER - Glu (E)
Negative
Arginine - ANSWER - Arg (R)
Positive
Lysine - ANSWER - Lys (K)
Positive
Histidine - ANSWER - His (H)
Positive
Asparagine - ANSWER - Asn (N)
Polar
Glutamine - ANSWER - Gln (Q)
Polar
Serine - ANSWER - Ser (S)
Polar
Threonine - ANSWER - Thr (T)
Polar
,Tyrosine - ANSWER - Tyr (Y)
Polar
Physiology - ANSWER - Deals with organism function and how they sense/respond to their
environment. Molecules -> organ systems
Homeostasis - ANSWER - Physiological processes that help maintain the internal environment
of the organism within narrow limits. Parameters DO change (oscillations around a set point) but
there are mechanisms that return the parameter to a specific set point.
Steady state - ANSWER - Active process of no net change over time but REQUIRES INPUT OF
ENERGY. Rate of influx=efflux but there is flux throughout the system.
Alanine - ANSWER - Ala (A)
Nonpolar
Glycine - ANSWER - Gly (G)
Nonpolar
Valine - ANSWER - Val (V)
Nonpolar
Leucine - ANSWER - Leu (L)
Nonpolar
Isoleucine - ANSWER - Ile (I)
Nonpolar
Proline - ANSWER - Pro (P)
Nonpolar
,Phenylalanine - ANSWER - Phe (F)
Nonpolar
Methionine - ANSWER - Met (M)
Nonpolar
Tryptophan - ANSWER - Trp (W)
Nonpolar
Cysteine - ANSWER - Cys (C)
Nonpolar
Amino Acids - ANSWER -
Equilibrium - ANSWER - Passive process of no net change over time that doesn't require
energy (means a person is dead). It is the lowest energy state.
Feedback control system components - ANSWER - 1. Sensory receptor
2. Control center
3. Effector
Sensor detects deviations from set point that exceeds range, sends info to control center which
decides what to do and efferents to effector.
Negative feedback - ANSWER - Response generated by effector acts to oppose or remove the
stimulus to return body towards its setpoint. When the desired outcome is reached, the
feedback loop is shut.
Ex. blood pressure -> vasodilation/constriction
, Positive feedback - ANSWER - A rare system where response reinforces stimulus and acts to
BRING SYSTEM FURTHER FROM SETPOINT.
Ex. Blood clotting, labor and delivery
Canon's postulates - ANSWER - 1. Nervous system works to help maintain homeostasis
2. All systems maintain a tonic level of activity
3. Systems not under tonic control are under antagonistic control
4. Same chemical signal can have different effects in different tissues of the body
4 systems that relay information to the cell in response to environmental changes - ANSWER -
Nervous system, Endocrine system (long distance), and Autocrine & Paracrine system (within a
cell, cell to cell communication)
Ways that cells communicate with each other and with the body - ANSWER - Autocrine - self-
signaling
Paracrine - cell to cell signaling
Endocrine - hormones influencing cells from long distances
Neurotransmitters - single long axon with electrochemical signals
Neurohormones- electric signals send hormones into bloodstream
Significance of shifting components within compartments - ANSWER - Important function of
homeostasis is regulating communication via molecules within different compartments
(Interstitial fluid, vascular fluid, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid)
Sensitivity - ANSWER - Range of function around a set point. When parameter exceeds this
range, physiological mechanisms kick in.
Set point - ANSWER - Ideal value through which homeostasis is preserved around
Sensory receptors - ANSWER - Mostly peripheral receptors (eyes, ears, nose, tongue,
chemo/osmo/thermo/baro/poprioreceptors/pain) but can be sensory receptors
