Test Bank: Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind,
Research, and Everyday Experience 5th Edition by E.
Bruce Goldstein - Ch. 1-13, 9781337408271, with
Rationales
Clive Wearing, a patient suffering from dense amnesia caused by herpes encephalitis, has a deficit
profile that suggests that: - ANSWER: memory relies on multiple systems
In the 1950s, Hull attempted to develop a general theory of memory built on the assumption that: -
ANSWER: learning mechanisms are similar across humans and rats
The arrival of Gestalt psychology represented a shift from the Verbal Learning Approach in that
Gestalt psychology: - ANSWER: emphasized internal memory representations rather than overt
behavior
Cognitive psychology arose most directly from: - ANSWER: The information-processing approach to
psychology
Reductionism aims to: - ANSWER: Describe complex scientific phenomena in a more basic or
fundamental form
If you are trying to memorize a passage, but the text is blurred, you will first experience difficulty in
which memory process? - ANSWER: encoding
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the so-called ______ model of memory in 1968, which assumed
multiple memory structures. - ANSWER: modal
Which of the following memory systems was proposed as a temporary store for visual images in order
to integrate them, creating apparent motion? - ANSWER: iconic
After Sperling (1960) briefly presented participants with a matrix of letters, a tone was emitted in
order to: - ANSWER: avoid the problem of forgetting during report
Sperling (1960) found that if a bright field is presented before and after the letters, memory for the
letters is worse if: - ANSWER: the letters and the flash are represented to the same eye
Sperling (1960) and others found that a visual store full of a mix of letters and digits could NOT be
effectively probed by asking them to recall only the: - ANSWER: digits from the stimuli
The primacy advantage refers to the recall benefit seen for: - ANSWER: visual stimuli occurring early in
a study list
The process of rehearsal is thought to: - ANSWER: maintain items in the short-term store
The process Tulving calls "mental time travel" is required for which of the following types of memory?
- ANSWER: episodic
, Implicit memories are unlike explicit memories in that implicit memories are: - ANSWER: reflected
through performance
The gross overrepresentation of certain participant populations is a criticism commonly associated
with: - ANSWER: laboratory experiments
Remembering to do things in the future is most appropriately termed _________ memory. - ANSWER:
prospective
Studying the abilities and disabilities of human patients with organic brain damage is an example of
_________ research. - ANSWER: neuropsychological
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), sometimes called Evoked-Response Potentials, have the
disadvantage of: - ANSWER: being unable to precisely locate the brain region generating the recorded
signal
The chronologically newest technology developed to study the function of the brain is: - ANSWER:
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Digit span is often used as a measure of: - ANSWER: short-term memory
Digit span is typically limited to about _______ items. - ANSWER: 6 to 7
Tests of _____________ require the participant to remember the order in which studied items were
presented. - ANSWER: memory span
Which of the following predicts that forgetting one item in a series will prohibit further recall? -
ANSWER: chaining
George Miller (1956) suggested that the process of chunking allows one to: - ANSWER: increase the
apparent number of items in memory span
If the letter "E" is presented to participants acoustically, assuming they incorrectly recall that letter
after a brief delay, which letter would be most likely to be mistakenly remembered? - ANSWER: D
Which of the following demonstrated that a distractor task (e.g. counting backwards) occurring after a
study item would impede recall for the study list? - ANSWER: Peterson task
If forgetting is usually nonexistent on early trials of a memory task but then builds up over additional
trials, the forgetting most likely results from: - ANSWER: interference
As list length is increased, the: - ANSWER: absolute number of items recalled increases
The ______ effect depends principally on long-term memory, rather than being a generic strategy. -
ANSWER: primacy
More familiar (or frequent) items are easier to recall when they: - ANSWER: occur in the middle of the
list
If a distractor task of a set length occurs following each and every trial, including before recall begins:
- ANSWER: the last few items presented will be more easily recalled
In Baddeley and Hitch´s (1977) Rugby Study, the best positive predictor of forgetting of the opposing
teams´ names was: - ANSWER: number of games played
Research, and Everyday Experience 5th Edition by E.
Bruce Goldstein - Ch. 1-13, 9781337408271, with
Rationales
Clive Wearing, a patient suffering from dense amnesia caused by herpes encephalitis, has a deficit
profile that suggests that: - ANSWER: memory relies on multiple systems
In the 1950s, Hull attempted to develop a general theory of memory built on the assumption that: -
ANSWER: learning mechanisms are similar across humans and rats
The arrival of Gestalt psychology represented a shift from the Verbal Learning Approach in that
Gestalt psychology: - ANSWER: emphasized internal memory representations rather than overt
behavior
Cognitive psychology arose most directly from: - ANSWER: The information-processing approach to
psychology
Reductionism aims to: - ANSWER: Describe complex scientific phenomena in a more basic or
fundamental form
If you are trying to memorize a passage, but the text is blurred, you will first experience difficulty in
which memory process? - ANSWER: encoding
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the so-called ______ model of memory in 1968, which assumed
multiple memory structures. - ANSWER: modal
Which of the following memory systems was proposed as a temporary store for visual images in order
to integrate them, creating apparent motion? - ANSWER: iconic
After Sperling (1960) briefly presented participants with a matrix of letters, a tone was emitted in
order to: - ANSWER: avoid the problem of forgetting during report
Sperling (1960) found that if a bright field is presented before and after the letters, memory for the
letters is worse if: - ANSWER: the letters and the flash are represented to the same eye
Sperling (1960) and others found that a visual store full of a mix of letters and digits could NOT be
effectively probed by asking them to recall only the: - ANSWER: digits from the stimuli
The primacy advantage refers to the recall benefit seen for: - ANSWER: visual stimuli occurring early in
a study list
The process of rehearsal is thought to: - ANSWER: maintain items in the short-term store
The process Tulving calls "mental time travel" is required for which of the following types of memory?
- ANSWER: episodic
, Implicit memories are unlike explicit memories in that implicit memories are: - ANSWER: reflected
through performance
The gross overrepresentation of certain participant populations is a criticism commonly associated
with: - ANSWER: laboratory experiments
Remembering to do things in the future is most appropriately termed _________ memory. - ANSWER:
prospective
Studying the abilities and disabilities of human patients with organic brain damage is an example of
_________ research. - ANSWER: neuropsychological
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), sometimes called Evoked-Response Potentials, have the
disadvantage of: - ANSWER: being unable to precisely locate the brain region generating the recorded
signal
The chronologically newest technology developed to study the function of the brain is: - ANSWER:
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Digit span is often used as a measure of: - ANSWER: short-term memory
Digit span is typically limited to about _______ items. - ANSWER: 6 to 7
Tests of _____________ require the participant to remember the order in which studied items were
presented. - ANSWER: memory span
Which of the following predicts that forgetting one item in a series will prohibit further recall? -
ANSWER: chaining
George Miller (1956) suggested that the process of chunking allows one to: - ANSWER: increase the
apparent number of items in memory span
If the letter "E" is presented to participants acoustically, assuming they incorrectly recall that letter
after a brief delay, which letter would be most likely to be mistakenly remembered? - ANSWER: D
Which of the following demonstrated that a distractor task (e.g. counting backwards) occurring after a
study item would impede recall for the study list? - ANSWER: Peterson task
If forgetting is usually nonexistent on early trials of a memory task but then builds up over additional
trials, the forgetting most likely results from: - ANSWER: interference
As list length is increased, the: - ANSWER: absolute number of items recalled increases
The ______ effect depends principally on long-term memory, rather than being a generic strategy. -
ANSWER: primacy
More familiar (or frequent) items are easier to recall when they: - ANSWER: occur in the middle of the
list
If a distractor task of a set length occurs following each and every trial, including before recall begins:
- ANSWER: the last few items presented will be more easily recalled
In Baddeley and Hitch´s (1977) Rugby Study, the best positive predictor of forgetting of the opposing
teams´ names was: - ANSWER: number of games played
