BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
BSNC 1000 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Mobility - Definition - answer✔✔- state or quality of being mobile or movable
- necessary for performing ADL's
Mobility - Physiological Requirements - answer✔✔* Neurological function
* Muscle strength
* Skeletal stability
* Joint function
* Energy
Mobility - Neurological Function - answer✔✔signal between motor cortex in cerebellum of the
brain and rest of the body through nerve impulses
Mobility - Muscle Strength - answer✔✔muscles and bones work together to support and move
together, attach to the bones and pull them to allow for movements by contraction and relaxation
Proprioception - answer✔✔our sense of body position
Mobility - Skeletal Stability - answer✔✔gives the body shape, protect body organ and support
weight
Gross motor function - answer✔✔includes legs, arms, torso: activities such as walking, running
Fine motor function - answer✔✔includes wrists, fingers, angles, toes: activities such as writing,
threading, cutting
Full Mobility - answer✔✔a mix of Gross motor function, Fine motor function, coordination
Mobility - Joint Function - answer✔✔skeletal and muscle joined together
--> Mobility is impacted by the degree of joint freedom
Mobility - Energy - answer✔✔needs adequate energy and nutrients, perfusion and gas exchange
can also affect mobility
When might someone have partial mobility? - answer✔✔--> disorders & diseases:
cardiovascular conditions, obesity, musculoskeletal fragility, depression
,BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
--> sedentary lifestyle
--> acute injuries
--> age
How is perfusion linked with mobility? - answer✔✔* cardiac output
* venous return
* blood supply
--> if you are less mobile than there is a decreased flow of oxygenated blood
How is gas exchange linked with mobility? - answer✔✔* lung expansion
* O2 supply/CO2 removal
--> reduced mobility because of excessive fatigue → can develop pneumonia due to stasis from
reduced lung expansion
- bad gas exchanged linked with poor perfusion could cause tissue weakness and damage,
impacting mobility
What conditions are associated with limited mobility? - answer✔✔* sarcopenia
* osteoporosis
* osteoarthritis
Mobility- what are some age related changes? - answer✔✔a) neurological function: shrinking
and slowing of the nervous system
b) musculoskeletal function: muscle mass and tone decreases + bone density decreases
c) other body systems:
--> cardiovascular system: reduced cardiac capacity
--> respiratory system: reduced lung expansion
Mobility - bone tissue organization - answer✔✔* Compact/cortical bone
* Cancellous/ Spongy bone
Mobility - Compact/cortical bone - answer✔✔- strong and dense
- composed of repeating structural units --> osteons
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
- forms the hard outer layer of a bone
Mobility - Spongy/Cancellous - answer✔✔- light and porous
- contains lattice-shaped meshwork --> trabeculae
- found in the interior of a bone
Mobility - Peak Bone Mass - answer✔✔- during childhood and adolescence, bone formation
exceeds resorption
--> bones grow larger and denser
--> most people reach their peak bone mass between the ages of 25 to 30
Mobility- Factors influencing peak bone mass - answer✔✔- genetics --> sex, race
- hormones --> estrogen, testosterone, vitamin D
- nutrition --> calcium
- types of physical activity --> weight-bearing exercises, resistant exercises
Which part of the bone does remodelling occur? - answer✔✔outer surface of the bone
Osteoporosis - epidemiology - answer✔✔- 80% of those with osteoporosis were women
- risk for osteoporosis doubles every 5 years between ages of 40-60
Osteoporosis - age-related changes - answer✔✔* after age 30, bone resorption slowly exceeds
bone formation
* post menopausal women (50+)
- accelerated bone loss due to sex hormone deficiency
* old-age (70+)
- reduced proliferative capacity of bone cells
- decrease in activation of vitamin D
- reduced physical activities (seniors --> decreased bone mass)
--> overall bone becomes thinner, weaker and more brittle with age
- osteopenia develops and can progress to osteoporosis
Osteoporosis - sex related changes - answer✔✔males --> start with higher peak bone mass and
bigger bone structure & slower decline in sex steroids concentration and bone density
BSNC 1000 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Mobility - Definition - answer✔✔- state or quality of being mobile or movable
- necessary for performing ADL's
Mobility - Physiological Requirements - answer✔✔* Neurological function
* Muscle strength
* Skeletal stability
* Joint function
* Energy
Mobility - Neurological Function - answer✔✔signal between motor cortex in cerebellum of the
brain and rest of the body through nerve impulses
Mobility - Muscle Strength - answer✔✔muscles and bones work together to support and move
together, attach to the bones and pull them to allow for movements by contraction and relaxation
Proprioception - answer✔✔our sense of body position
Mobility - Skeletal Stability - answer✔✔gives the body shape, protect body organ and support
weight
Gross motor function - answer✔✔includes legs, arms, torso: activities such as walking, running
Fine motor function - answer✔✔includes wrists, fingers, angles, toes: activities such as writing,
threading, cutting
Full Mobility - answer✔✔a mix of Gross motor function, Fine motor function, coordination
Mobility - Joint Function - answer✔✔skeletal and muscle joined together
--> Mobility is impacted by the degree of joint freedom
Mobility - Energy - answer✔✔needs adequate energy and nutrients, perfusion and gas exchange
can also affect mobility
When might someone have partial mobility? - answer✔✔--> disorders & diseases:
cardiovascular conditions, obesity, musculoskeletal fragility, depression
,BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
--> sedentary lifestyle
--> acute injuries
--> age
How is perfusion linked with mobility? - answer✔✔* cardiac output
* venous return
* blood supply
--> if you are less mobile than there is a decreased flow of oxygenated blood
How is gas exchange linked with mobility? - answer✔✔* lung expansion
* O2 supply/CO2 removal
--> reduced mobility because of excessive fatigue → can develop pneumonia due to stasis from
reduced lung expansion
- bad gas exchanged linked with poor perfusion could cause tissue weakness and damage,
impacting mobility
What conditions are associated with limited mobility? - answer✔✔* sarcopenia
* osteoporosis
* osteoarthritis
Mobility- what are some age related changes? - answer✔✔a) neurological function: shrinking
and slowing of the nervous system
b) musculoskeletal function: muscle mass and tone decreases + bone density decreases
c) other body systems:
--> cardiovascular system: reduced cardiac capacity
--> respiratory system: reduced lung expansion
Mobility - bone tissue organization - answer✔✔* Compact/cortical bone
* Cancellous/ Spongy bone
Mobility - Compact/cortical bone - answer✔✔- strong and dense
- composed of repeating structural units --> osteons
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
- forms the hard outer layer of a bone
Mobility - Spongy/Cancellous - answer✔✔- light and porous
- contains lattice-shaped meshwork --> trabeculae
- found in the interior of a bone
Mobility - Peak Bone Mass - answer✔✔- during childhood and adolescence, bone formation
exceeds resorption
--> bones grow larger and denser
--> most people reach their peak bone mass between the ages of 25 to 30
Mobility- Factors influencing peak bone mass - answer✔✔- genetics --> sex, race
- hormones --> estrogen, testosterone, vitamin D
- nutrition --> calcium
- types of physical activity --> weight-bearing exercises, resistant exercises
Which part of the bone does remodelling occur? - answer✔✔outer surface of the bone
Osteoporosis - epidemiology - answer✔✔- 80% of those with osteoporosis were women
- risk for osteoporosis doubles every 5 years between ages of 40-60
Osteoporosis - age-related changes - answer✔✔* after age 30, bone resorption slowly exceeds
bone formation
* post menopausal women (50+)
- accelerated bone loss due to sex hormone deficiency
* old-age (70+)
- reduced proliferative capacity of bone cells
- decrease in activation of vitamin D
- reduced physical activities (seniors --> decreased bone mass)
--> overall bone becomes thinner, weaker and more brittle with age
- osteopenia develops and can progress to osteoporosis
Osteoporosis - sex related changes - answer✔✔males --> start with higher peak bone mass and
bigger bone structure & slower decline in sex steroids concentration and bone density
