EXAM STUDY MATERIALS 8/7/2024 11:29 AM
Basic Exam-Exam 2 Lecture Questions With
Correct Answers
What part of the body does an Upper Motor Neuron lesion effect? - answer✔✔-Brain or
Brainstem
-Problem of the axon of UMN located in brain or brainstem
What part of the body does a Lower Motor Neuron lesion effect? - answer✔✔-Problem of LMN
is located in spinal cord or brainstem
-Problem of the motor nerves arising from lower motor neurons
What does neurologic testing help us differentiate? - answer✔✔If a patient has an upper motor
neuron lesion, lower motor neuron lesion, if there's a problem with the muscle itself, problem
with the sensory receptors or sensory nerves
What are Dermatome? - answer✔✔-A region of skin supplied by AFFERENT(sensory) fibers of
a given spinal nerve
-Dermatomes overlap and variation from the diagrams
-Because of overlap b/w adjacent dermatomes, damage to one nerve root may result in no
sensory loss or loss to a small area
What are Myotomes? - answer✔✔Skeletal muscles or groups of muscles innervated by
EFFERENT fibers of one or more nerve roots
What are Deep Tendon Reflexes(DTR)? - answer✔✔-Assesses the integrity of the DTR
efferent(motor) and afferent (sensory) components circuit
, EXAM STUDY MATERIALS 8/7/2024 11:29 AM
What does it mean when there's a Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome(lesion)? - answer✔✔-Problem
of upper motor neurons are located in the brain or brainstem; or problem of the axon of upper
motor neurons
What is the effect of a UMN Lesion? - answer✔✔-Paralysis or paresis (weakness) present in
group of muscles
-Often stereotypic postures and movement patterns in the UE and LE
-Classic description: Spastic Paralysis
-Spasticity/Increased DTRs/Abnormal Cutaneous (sensory) reflexes
-Abnormal timing of muscle activation so can't isolate movements
-May see slight disuse muscle atrophy
How is spasticity characterized by? - answer✔✔-Increased resistance to passive stretch that's
velocity dependent
-Meaning the faster the limb is passively moved, more resistance is applied to the passive
movement
-Example: Jill is a patient with spasticity. If I try to open her hand I will get there eventually, but
the faster I try to move her hand the more the muscle will pull back tighter triggering the reflex.
*** Performing passive range of motion on these patients is critical and teaching themselves to
perform PROM because if a joint hasn't been going through its full ROM all of the structures
will adapt and that becomes problematic.
What are the effects of LMN syndrome(lesion)? - answer✔✔-Paralysis present segmentally-
along myotomes
Classic Description: Flaccid Paralysis
, EXAM STUDY MATERIALS 8/7/2024 11:29 AM
-Loss of motor activity is due to disruption of the efferent pathway
-Decreased or absent DTR
-Muscle Atrophy
-Example: A person who has no ability and no tone to their arm at all it's just hanging. This is
typically a LMN lesion.
Example: What happens when spasticity UMN lesion patient tries to eat? - answer✔✔-The
patient isn't able to isolate the movements. They can't just bend their elbow and eat. You would
see everything flex when they're trying to flex or they have no control. The flexors are dominant
in the UE and the extensors tend to be dominant in the LE.
Peripheral Nervous System Lesion begin at? - answer✔✔-The Nerve Roots
**the lesion location dictates the name
Nerve Root - answer✔✔-Lesion of a nerve root; trauma or pressure on a nerve root
What is Radiculopathy? - answer✔✔-Any disease of a nerve root
What's an example of Radiculopathy? - answer✔✔-Compression from degenerative joint disease
and herniated disks
What is Peripheral Neuropathy? - answer✔✔-Lesion in the peripheral nerve
What is Mononeuropathy? - answer✔✔Trauma or pressure on a single peripheral nerve
What is an example of Mononeuropathy? - answer✔✔Carpal Tunnel Syndrome-compression of
median nerve
What is Polyneuropathy? - answer✔✔Trauma or pressure on many peripheral nerves
What's an example of Polyneuropathy? - answer✔✔Diabetes/Autoimmune Disorders/Vitamin
Deficiencies
If the pressure or compression is at the Posterior (dorsal) aspect of the nerve root what occurs? -
answer✔✔-SENSORY CHANGES
Basic Exam-Exam 2 Lecture Questions With
Correct Answers
What part of the body does an Upper Motor Neuron lesion effect? - answer✔✔-Brain or
Brainstem
-Problem of the axon of UMN located in brain or brainstem
What part of the body does a Lower Motor Neuron lesion effect? - answer✔✔-Problem of LMN
is located in spinal cord or brainstem
-Problem of the motor nerves arising from lower motor neurons
What does neurologic testing help us differentiate? - answer✔✔If a patient has an upper motor
neuron lesion, lower motor neuron lesion, if there's a problem with the muscle itself, problem
with the sensory receptors or sensory nerves
What are Dermatome? - answer✔✔-A region of skin supplied by AFFERENT(sensory) fibers of
a given spinal nerve
-Dermatomes overlap and variation from the diagrams
-Because of overlap b/w adjacent dermatomes, damage to one nerve root may result in no
sensory loss or loss to a small area
What are Myotomes? - answer✔✔Skeletal muscles or groups of muscles innervated by
EFFERENT fibers of one or more nerve roots
What are Deep Tendon Reflexes(DTR)? - answer✔✔-Assesses the integrity of the DTR
efferent(motor) and afferent (sensory) components circuit
, EXAM STUDY MATERIALS 8/7/2024 11:29 AM
What does it mean when there's a Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome(lesion)? - answer✔✔-Problem
of upper motor neurons are located in the brain or brainstem; or problem of the axon of upper
motor neurons
What is the effect of a UMN Lesion? - answer✔✔-Paralysis or paresis (weakness) present in
group of muscles
-Often stereotypic postures and movement patterns in the UE and LE
-Classic description: Spastic Paralysis
-Spasticity/Increased DTRs/Abnormal Cutaneous (sensory) reflexes
-Abnormal timing of muscle activation so can't isolate movements
-May see slight disuse muscle atrophy
How is spasticity characterized by? - answer✔✔-Increased resistance to passive stretch that's
velocity dependent
-Meaning the faster the limb is passively moved, more resistance is applied to the passive
movement
-Example: Jill is a patient with spasticity. If I try to open her hand I will get there eventually, but
the faster I try to move her hand the more the muscle will pull back tighter triggering the reflex.
*** Performing passive range of motion on these patients is critical and teaching themselves to
perform PROM because if a joint hasn't been going through its full ROM all of the structures
will adapt and that becomes problematic.
What are the effects of LMN syndrome(lesion)? - answer✔✔-Paralysis present segmentally-
along myotomes
Classic Description: Flaccid Paralysis
, EXAM STUDY MATERIALS 8/7/2024 11:29 AM
-Loss of motor activity is due to disruption of the efferent pathway
-Decreased or absent DTR
-Muscle Atrophy
-Example: A person who has no ability and no tone to their arm at all it's just hanging. This is
typically a LMN lesion.
Example: What happens when spasticity UMN lesion patient tries to eat? - answer✔✔-The
patient isn't able to isolate the movements. They can't just bend their elbow and eat. You would
see everything flex when they're trying to flex or they have no control. The flexors are dominant
in the UE and the extensors tend to be dominant in the LE.
Peripheral Nervous System Lesion begin at? - answer✔✔-The Nerve Roots
**the lesion location dictates the name
Nerve Root - answer✔✔-Lesion of a nerve root; trauma or pressure on a nerve root
What is Radiculopathy? - answer✔✔-Any disease of a nerve root
What's an example of Radiculopathy? - answer✔✔-Compression from degenerative joint disease
and herniated disks
What is Peripheral Neuropathy? - answer✔✔-Lesion in the peripheral nerve
What is Mononeuropathy? - answer✔✔Trauma or pressure on a single peripheral nerve
What is an example of Mononeuropathy? - answer✔✔Carpal Tunnel Syndrome-compression of
median nerve
What is Polyneuropathy? - answer✔✔Trauma or pressure on many peripheral nerves
What's an example of Polyneuropathy? - answer✔✔Diabetes/Autoimmune Disorders/Vitamin
Deficiencies
If the pressure or compression is at the Posterior (dorsal) aspect of the nerve root what occurs? -
answer✔✔-SENSORY CHANGES
