Covalent Molecular Substances
• Formed when non-metal atoms covalently bond
together.
• Buckyball = molecule that consists of 60 carbon
atoms.
• Molecules can be represented by different circles. Metallic Structures
• Each atom is represented by a circle with a • Metals contain delocalised electrons that
different colour and size. move freely between positively charged
• Sticks can be used to represent the bonds. metal ions.
• • Most metals are shiny, hard and solid at
room temp.
• Aluminium used in manufacturing aircraft
Sample
Ionic Substances
U1: What
Particles in
Substances
Are Made Of
bodies - light weight and it doesn’t rust.
• Copper used in electrical wiring – good
electrical conductor.
• Copper used in plumbing – doesn’t rust.
• Form when metal atom transfers electrons
Summaries after sample
to non-metal atom.
• Positive ion formed by metal atom.
• Negative ion formed by non-metal.
• Electrostatic attraction between ions holds
crystal lattice together.
Covalent Network Structures
• • Large molecular compounds formed by
- many atoms covalently bonded together.
• Form highly regular lattice.
• Diamond:
- Each carbon atom is attached to 4 other
carbon atoms.
- Diamonds = hardest naturally existing
substance.
• Graphite:
- Each carbon atom attaches to 3 other
carbon atoms - forms layers of atoms.
- Soft – atom layers are easily separated.
GR10 PS T2-T1 Mind Map Via Afrika Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
, Sample
Summaries after sample
• Formed when non-metal atoms covalently bond
together.
• Buckyball = molecule that consists of 60 carbon
atoms.
• Molecules can be represented by different circles. Metallic Structures
• Each atom is represented by a circle with a • Metals contain delocalised electrons that
different colour and size. move freely between positively charged
• Sticks can be used to represent the bonds. metal ions.
• • Most metals are shiny, hard and solid at
room temp.
• Aluminium used in manufacturing aircraft
Sample
Ionic Substances
U1: What
Particles in
Substances
Are Made Of
bodies - light weight and it doesn’t rust.
• Copper used in electrical wiring – good
electrical conductor.
• Copper used in plumbing – doesn’t rust.
• Form when metal atom transfers electrons
Summaries after sample
to non-metal atom.
• Positive ion formed by metal atom.
• Negative ion formed by non-metal.
• Electrostatic attraction between ions holds
crystal lattice together.
Covalent Network Structures
• • Large molecular compounds formed by
- many atoms covalently bonded together.
• Form highly regular lattice.
• Diamond:
- Each carbon atom is attached to 4 other
carbon atoms.
- Diamonds = hardest naturally existing
substance.
• Graphite:
- Each carbon atom attaches to 3 other
carbon atoms - forms layers of atoms.
- Soft – atom layers are easily separated.
GR10 PS T2-T1 Mind Map Via Afrika Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
, Sample
Summaries after sample
