PSIO 305 EXAM 3 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following statement is true?
-PTSD is entirely genetically determined
-Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins have the same concordance for PTSD
-People with pre-existing hypocortisolism is more likely to develop PTSD
-Early childhood experience does not confer PTSD susceptability
-None of above is true - People with pre-existing hypocortisolism is more likely to
develop PTSD
* In PTSD, E/NE and CRH levels are elevated, but cortisol level is reduced, Low cortisol
level before or shortly after the traumatic event is predictive of
subsequent PTSD.
-Monozygotic twins to have significantly higher concordance for PTSD than dizygotic
twins—>estimated 30% heritability.
The ultimate goal of physiological stress response is to
-Remember the stressful event
-Run away from the stressor
-Fight with the stressor
-Remain alert for threat
-Maintain or re-gain homeostasis - -Maintain or re-gain homeostasis
*Allostasis is the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to maintain
or regain homeostasis.
During early phases of acute stress, activity increases in the following systems except
-HPA axis
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Cadiovascular
-Respiratory - -Parasympathetic
Which of the following statement is true about Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?
a. SNS does not affect skeleton muscle function
b. SNS causes vasoconstriction to blood vessels in skeleton muscle
c. SNS causes vasodilation to blood vessels in skeleton muscle
d. SNS influence skeleton muscle function by stimulating glycogenolysis
e. c and d - e. c and d
*SNS causes
-Heart rate increase, vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention lead to higher blood
,pressure and better blood circulation.
- Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis and lipolysis make more nutrients available.
- Bronchial dilation results in more oxygen intake.
- Pupil dilation allows more sensory information to be sent to the brain.
- Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct resources and attention to the
stressor.
- Increased blood flow to skeleton muscle
Which of the following types of cells can perform phagocytosis?
-Microglia
-Ependymal cells
-Schwann cells
-Astrocytes
-Motor neurons - -Microglia
*Function with astrocytes to protect neurons from toxic substances.
• Protect the CNS from foreign matter through
phagocytosis, clearing out bacteria or dead/ injured cells.
• Secrete cytokines to modulate brain functions.
• Protect the CNS from oxidative stress.
Which of the following is a mixed (i.e., sensory and motor) cranial nerve?
-Vestibulocochlear
-Optic
-Vagus
-Olfactory
-Accessory - -Vagus
Which of the following is incorrect for vagal nerve?
-Contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers
-Contain both somatic and visceral nerve fibers
-Projects to nucleus of solitary tract
-Can sense immune responses
-Is activated a few seconds after encounter of a stressor - -Is activated a few seconds
after encounter of a stressor
The Vprocess Vin Vwhich Va Vmouse Vlearns Vto Vnavigate Va Vwater Vmaze Vto Vfind Va Vhidden
Vplatform Vand Vescape Vwater Vis V
-procedure Vlearning
-classical Vconditioning
-sensitization
-operant Vconditioning
-habituation V- V Voperant Vconditioning
*association Vof Va Vbehavior Vwith Va Vstimulus/outcome
-Classical/Pavlovian Vconditioning: Vassociation Vof Vtwo Vstimuli—dogs Vassociate Vfootsteps
Vwith Vfood
, -sensitization: Venhanced Vresponse Vafter Vrepeated Vexposure Vto Vthe Vsame Vstimulus—
e.g., Vrepeated Vexposure Vto Vtrauma Vlead Vto VPTSD
-Habituation: Vreduced Vresponse Vafter Vrepeated Vexposure Vto Vthe Vsame Vstimulus—e.g.,
Vgetting Vused Vto Vloud Vsounds.
Lesions Vto Vanterior Vcingulate Vcortex Vwill Vimpair Vwhich Vone Vof Vthe Vfollow V
-recent Vcontext-conditioned Vfear
-cue-conditoined Vfear
-innate Vfear Vinduced Vby Vsuffocation
-remote Vcontext-conditioned Vfear
-all Vof Vabove V- V V-remote Vcontext-conditioned Vfear
*Remote V(years Vago), Vbut Vnot Vrecent, Vcontext-conditioned Vfear, VCingulate VCortex
Stores Vremote Vmemory Vof Vthe Vcontext VIs Vactivated Vduring Vfear Vextinction.
Amygdala Vis VNOT Vrequired Vfor
-expression Vof Vlearned Vfear Vresponse
-innate Vfear Vinduced Vby Vsuffocation
-context-conditioned Vfear
-facilitation Vof Vmemory Vof Vemotionally Vcharged Vevents
-cue Vconditoined Vfear V- V Vinnate Vfear Vinduced Vby Vsuffocation
*Patient VS.M.- VHad Vexclusive Vand Vcomplete Vbilateral Vamygdala Vdestruction Vsince Vlate
Vchildhood Vdue Vto Va Vgenetic Vcondition.
No Vfear Vin Vresponse Vto Vexternal Vfear-inducing Vsituations V(learned?). VGreater Vfear Vand
Vpanic Vattack Vin Vresponse Vto Vsuffocation V(innate?). VNormal Vconsolidation Vfor
Vemotionally Vneutral Vmemory.
-Amygdala VLesions VAbolish VBoth VContext- Vand VCue-Conditioned VFear
Which Vof Vthe Vfollowing Vstatement Vis VNOT Vtrue Vabout VPTSD?
-CRH Vlevel Vis Vhigh
-Cortisol Vlevel Vis Vhigh V
-Blood VNE Vlevel Vis Vhigh
-Blood VE Vlevel Vis Vhigh V
-All Vof Vabove Vare Vtrue V- V V-Cortisol Vlevel Vis Vhigh
*In VPTSD, VE/NE Vand VCRH Vlevels Vare Velevated, Vbut Vcortisol Vlevel Vis Vreduced.
During Vacute Vstress, Vwhich Vof Vthe Vfollowing Vsystem Vis Vactivated Vfirst?
-Cadiovascular V
-Parasympathetic
-HPA Vaxis V
-Sympathetic
-Respiratory V- V V-Sympathetic
*1) VSympathetic Vactivation Vwithin V2-3 Vseconds
2) VActivation Vof Vadrenal Vmedulla Vin V20-30 Vseconds
3) VHPA Vaxis Vactivation Vin Vminutes, Vhours Vor Vdays
Adrenalectomy
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following statement is true?
-PTSD is entirely genetically determined
-Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins have the same concordance for PTSD
-People with pre-existing hypocortisolism is more likely to develop PTSD
-Early childhood experience does not confer PTSD susceptability
-None of above is true - People with pre-existing hypocortisolism is more likely to
develop PTSD
* In PTSD, E/NE and CRH levels are elevated, but cortisol level is reduced, Low cortisol
level before or shortly after the traumatic event is predictive of
subsequent PTSD.
-Monozygotic twins to have significantly higher concordance for PTSD than dizygotic
twins—>estimated 30% heritability.
The ultimate goal of physiological stress response is to
-Remember the stressful event
-Run away from the stressor
-Fight with the stressor
-Remain alert for threat
-Maintain or re-gain homeostasis - -Maintain or re-gain homeostasis
*Allostasis is the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to maintain
or regain homeostasis.
During early phases of acute stress, activity increases in the following systems except
-HPA axis
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Cadiovascular
-Respiratory - -Parasympathetic
Which of the following statement is true about Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?
a. SNS does not affect skeleton muscle function
b. SNS causes vasoconstriction to blood vessels in skeleton muscle
c. SNS causes vasodilation to blood vessels in skeleton muscle
d. SNS influence skeleton muscle function by stimulating glycogenolysis
e. c and d - e. c and d
*SNS causes
-Heart rate increase, vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention lead to higher blood
,pressure and better blood circulation.
- Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis and lipolysis make more nutrients available.
- Bronchial dilation results in more oxygen intake.
- Pupil dilation allows more sensory information to be sent to the brain.
- Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct resources and attention to the
stressor.
- Increased blood flow to skeleton muscle
Which of the following types of cells can perform phagocytosis?
-Microglia
-Ependymal cells
-Schwann cells
-Astrocytes
-Motor neurons - -Microglia
*Function with astrocytes to protect neurons from toxic substances.
• Protect the CNS from foreign matter through
phagocytosis, clearing out bacteria or dead/ injured cells.
• Secrete cytokines to modulate brain functions.
• Protect the CNS from oxidative stress.
Which of the following is a mixed (i.e., sensory and motor) cranial nerve?
-Vestibulocochlear
-Optic
-Vagus
-Olfactory
-Accessory - -Vagus
Which of the following is incorrect for vagal nerve?
-Contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers
-Contain both somatic and visceral nerve fibers
-Projects to nucleus of solitary tract
-Can sense immune responses
-Is activated a few seconds after encounter of a stressor - -Is activated a few seconds
after encounter of a stressor
The Vprocess Vin Vwhich Va Vmouse Vlearns Vto Vnavigate Va Vwater Vmaze Vto Vfind Va Vhidden
Vplatform Vand Vescape Vwater Vis V
-procedure Vlearning
-classical Vconditioning
-sensitization
-operant Vconditioning
-habituation V- V Voperant Vconditioning
*association Vof Va Vbehavior Vwith Va Vstimulus/outcome
-Classical/Pavlovian Vconditioning: Vassociation Vof Vtwo Vstimuli—dogs Vassociate Vfootsteps
Vwith Vfood
, -sensitization: Venhanced Vresponse Vafter Vrepeated Vexposure Vto Vthe Vsame Vstimulus—
e.g., Vrepeated Vexposure Vto Vtrauma Vlead Vto VPTSD
-Habituation: Vreduced Vresponse Vafter Vrepeated Vexposure Vto Vthe Vsame Vstimulus—e.g.,
Vgetting Vused Vto Vloud Vsounds.
Lesions Vto Vanterior Vcingulate Vcortex Vwill Vimpair Vwhich Vone Vof Vthe Vfollow V
-recent Vcontext-conditioned Vfear
-cue-conditoined Vfear
-innate Vfear Vinduced Vby Vsuffocation
-remote Vcontext-conditioned Vfear
-all Vof Vabove V- V V-remote Vcontext-conditioned Vfear
*Remote V(years Vago), Vbut Vnot Vrecent, Vcontext-conditioned Vfear, VCingulate VCortex
Stores Vremote Vmemory Vof Vthe Vcontext VIs Vactivated Vduring Vfear Vextinction.
Amygdala Vis VNOT Vrequired Vfor
-expression Vof Vlearned Vfear Vresponse
-innate Vfear Vinduced Vby Vsuffocation
-context-conditioned Vfear
-facilitation Vof Vmemory Vof Vemotionally Vcharged Vevents
-cue Vconditoined Vfear V- V Vinnate Vfear Vinduced Vby Vsuffocation
*Patient VS.M.- VHad Vexclusive Vand Vcomplete Vbilateral Vamygdala Vdestruction Vsince Vlate
Vchildhood Vdue Vto Va Vgenetic Vcondition.
No Vfear Vin Vresponse Vto Vexternal Vfear-inducing Vsituations V(learned?). VGreater Vfear Vand
Vpanic Vattack Vin Vresponse Vto Vsuffocation V(innate?). VNormal Vconsolidation Vfor
Vemotionally Vneutral Vmemory.
-Amygdala VLesions VAbolish VBoth VContext- Vand VCue-Conditioned VFear
Which Vof Vthe Vfollowing Vstatement Vis VNOT Vtrue Vabout VPTSD?
-CRH Vlevel Vis Vhigh
-Cortisol Vlevel Vis Vhigh V
-Blood VNE Vlevel Vis Vhigh
-Blood VE Vlevel Vis Vhigh V
-All Vof Vabove Vare Vtrue V- V V-Cortisol Vlevel Vis Vhigh
*In VPTSD, VE/NE Vand VCRH Vlevels Vare Velevated, Vbut Vcortisol Vlevel Vis Vreduced.
During Vacute Vstress, Vwhich Vof Vthe Vfollowing Vsystem Vis Vactivated Vfirst?
-Cadiovascular V
-Parasympathetic
-HPA Vaxis V
-Sympathetic
-Respiratory V- V V-Sympathetic
*1) VSympathetic Vactivation Vwithin V2-3 Vseconds
2) VActivation Vof Vadrenal Vmedulla Vin V20-30 Vseconds
3) VHPA Vaxis Vactivation Vin Vminutes, Vhours Vor Vdays
Adrenalectomy
