Self Test Chapter 12 Bontrager

Self Test Chapter 12 Bontrager Liver Anatomy 1. Gallbladder Location: - The gallbladder is located in the posterior inferior margin of the liver. 2. Recognized Lobes of the Liver: - The inferior lobe is not a recognized lobe of the liver; it is typically divided into right and left lobes. 3. Quadrant Location: - The liver is located in the RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant) of a sthenic patient. 4. Liver Division: - The falciform ligament divides the liver into left and right lobes. Biliary System 1. Function of Bile: - The primary function of bile is the emulsification of fats. 2. Ducts: - The union of the left and right hepatic ducts forms the common hepatic duct. - The common bile duct (CBD) carries bile from the cystic duct to the duodenum. 3. Gallbladder Capacity: - The average capacity of the adult gallbladder is 30-40 ml. 4. Bile Concentration Process: - Hydrolysis leads to the concentration of bile within the gallbladder. 5. Contraction and Release of Bile: - The hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) leads to the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile. Gallbladder Anatomy 1. Parts of the Gallbladder: - Fundus: The broadest portion of the gallbladder. - Neck: The narrowest portion of the gallbladder. - Body: The middle aspect of the gallbladder. 2. Ducts Related to the Gallbladder: - The cystic duct is directly connected to the gallbladder. - The hepatopancreatic ampulla is the enlarged chamber in the distal aspect of the common bile duct. - The spiral valve is a series of mucosal folds in the cystic duct. - The hepatopancreatic sphincter consists of circular muscle fibers adjacent to the duodenal papilla. Intestinal Structures 1. Conditions Related to the Gallbladder: - Cholelithiasis: The condition of gallstones. 2. Gastrointestinal Tract Functions: - NOT a function of the GI system: Production of hormones. Swallowing and Pharynx 1. Esophagogram: - Another term for a barium swallow. 2. Salivary Glands: - Vallecula is NOT a salivary gland. 3. Mumps: - Condition resulting from a viral infection of the parotid gland. 4. Pharyngeal Structure: - The epiglottis prevents aspiration of food and fluid into the larynx. Esophagus and Stomach Anatomy 1. Esophagus Length: - The esophagus extends from C5-C6 to T11. 2. Diaphragm Passage: - The trachea does not pass through the diaphragm. 3. Peristalsis: - Involuntary wavelike contractions that help propel food down the esophagus. 4. Greek Terminology: - The Greek term gaster or gastro means stomach. 5. Stomach Anatomy: - Angular Notch (Incisura Angularis): Indentation between the body and pylorus of the stomach. - True/False regarding Rugae: False, the numerous mucosal folds found in the stomach are called rugae, not in the small bowel. - Fundus Air Collection: The fundus fills with air when the patient is in a prone position during a double contrast upper gastrointestinal (UGI) study. - Curvatures of the Stomach: - The greater curvature is the lateral margin of the stomach. - The fundus is where barium gravitates when the patient is in a supine position. Biliary and Duodenal Structures 1. Key Structures of the Abdomen: - The head of the pancreas and the C-loop of the duodenum create the anatomy known as the "romance of the abdomen." 2. Pyloric Orifice: - Opening leading from the stomach to the duodenum. 3. Cardiac Notch: - Found along the superior aspect of the fundus. 4. Fundus Positioning: - The fundus is the most posterior portion of the stomach. 5. Duodenum Anatomy: - The fourth portion of the duodenum typically refers to the ascending portion of the duodenum. mucousal folds ️rugae body of stomach ️middle aspect of the stomach esophagogastric junction ️opening between esophagus and stomach angular notch ️Indentation found along lesser curvature third portion of duodenum ️Horizontal portion of duodenum mastication ️act of chewing chyme ️which term describes food after it enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretions