Maryville University Pharmacology
NURS-615 Exam 2
Aminoglycosides block protein production and consist of which antibiotics? - ANS-
gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin
Anti-depressant that is to be used with caution in cardiac patients due to behaving like
class 1 anti-arrythmics? - ANS-TCAs
Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic? - ANS-Bacteriocidal
Are PCNs bactericidal or bactriostatic? - ANS-Bactericidal
Are sulfonamides bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? - ANS-Bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? - ANS-bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines broad or narrow in spectruM? - ANS-Broad and they have a lot of
resistance issues
Benzodiazepines affect what neurotransmitter and how? - ANS-Increases the effects of
GABA
Can valproate (Depakote) be used during pregnancy? - ANS-It is a known teratogen. If
needed, must be used after 1st trimester.
Do cephalosporins become more broad or narrow in spectrum as you go up in
generation? - ANS-More broad spectrum
Does Lithium have a broad or narrow therapeutic range? - ANS-Narrow therapeutic
range; toxicity may show nausea and drowsiness
How and when is silver sulfadiazine used? - ANS-Used for burns, but its usefulness is
poor
How are acyclovir and valcyclovir metabolized? - ANS-10% by the liver and 90% by the
kidneys
How are sexual side effects linked to SSRIs? - ANS-Sexual side effects may start after
1 month; especially common in Paxil
, How do anti-TB drugs work? - ANS-They inhibit the formation of mycolic acids which
are an important part of the cell wall
How do anti-virals (neuramidase inhibitors) work? - ANS-These medications break the
bond that attaches the viral particles to the host cell and keeps them from replicating
How do anti-virals for HSV and VZV work? - ANS-They block an enzyme that is
essential in the production of new viruses so they can't replicate
How do SSRIs work? - ANS-They block the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft
so there is more serotonin around
How do you discontinue an SSRI? - ANS-Taper by reducing the dose by 50% for 3-4
days
How does antibiotic resistance occur? - ANS-1. Natural by genetic mutations
2. Spontaneous by random mutations
3. Build up over time or by misuse of antibiotics
How does carbamazepine work? - ANS-Works by decreasing nerve impulses that
cause seizures and pain
How does doxycline affect OCPs? - ANS-Little evidence has shown that it does affect
OCPs, but a second method of protection should be used
How does ethambutol work as an anti-TB drug? - ANS-It inhibits the sythesis of mycelic
acids which is an important part of the cell wall
How does Lithium act as a mood stabilizer? - ANS-It replaces sodium during
depolarization so it stops the transmission of electrical impulses
How does phentermine work? - ANS-Treats obesity by decreasing the hunger
perception and releases NE an EPI which breaks down stored fat = lose weight
How does pyrazinamide (PZA) act on bacteria? - ANS-It is largely bacteriostatic, but
can be bacteriocidal in actively replicating bacteria
How is clarithromycin excreted? - ANS-It is excreted by BOTH the liver and the kidneys
so dose adjustments are not required in patients with impaired liver function
How is the gram coverage in Cephalosporins? - ANS-1st generation are gram positive
and as you go up in generations, you lose gram positive coverage and more gram
negative
How is treatment with buspirone (Buspar) usually conducted? - ANS-Can be combined
with an SSRI to treat patients with agitated or anxious depression
NURS-615 Exam 2
Aminoglycosides block protein production and consist of which antibiotics? - ANS-
gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin
Anti-depressant that is to be used with caution in cardiac patients due to behaving like
class 1 anti-arrythmics? - ANS-TCAs
Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic? - ANS-Bacteriocidal
Are PCNs bactericidal or bactriostatic? - ANS-Bactericidal
Are sulfonamides bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? - ANS-Bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? - ANS-bacteriostatic
Are tetracyclines broad or narrow in spectruM? - ANS-Broad and they have a lot of
resistance issues
Benzodiazepines affect what neurotransmitter and how? - ANS-Increases the effects of
GABA
Can valproate (Depakote) be used during pregnancy? - ANS-It is a known teratogen. If
needed, must be used after 1st trimester.
Do cephalosporins become more broad or narrow in spectrum as you go up in
generation? - ANS-More broad spectrum
Does Lithium have a broad or narrow therapeutic range? - ANS-Narrow therapeutic
range; toxicity may show nausea and drowsiness
How and when is silver sulfadiazine used? - ANS-Used for burns, but its usefulness is
poor
How are acyclovir and valcyclovir metabolized? - ANS-10% by the liver and 90% by the
kidneys
How are sexual side effects linked to SSRIs? - ANS-Sexual side effects may start after
1 month; especially common in Paxil
, How do anti-TB drugs work? - ANS-They inhibit the formation of mycolic acids which
are an important part of the cell wall
How do anti-virals (neuramidase inhibitors) work? - ANS-These medications break the
bond that attaches the viral particles to the host cell and keeps them from replicating
How do anti-virals for HSV and VZV work? - ANS-They block an enzyme that is
essential in the production of new viruses so they can't replicate
How do SSRIs work? - ANS-They block the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft
so there is more serotonin around
How do you discontinue an SSRI? - ANS-Taper by reducing the dose by 50% for 3-4
days
How does antibiotic resistance occur? - ANS-1. Natural by genetic mutations
2. Spontaneous by random mutations
3. Build up over time or by misuse of antibiotics
How does carbamazepine work? - ANS-Works by decreasing nerve impulses that
cause seizures and pain
How does doxycline affect OCPs? - ANS-Little evidence has shown that it does affect
OCPs, but a second method of protection should be used
How does ethambutol work as an anti-TB drug? - ANS-It inhibits the sythesis of mycelic
acids which is an important part of the cell wall
How does Lithium act as a mood stabilizer? - ANS-It replaces sodium during
depolarization so it stops the transmission of electrical impulses
How does phentermine work? - ANS-Treats obesity by decreasing the hunger
perception and releases NE an EPI which breaks down stored fat = lose weight
How does pyrazinamide (PZA) act on bacteria? - ANS-It is largely bacteriostatic, but
can be bacteriocidal in actively replicating bacteria
How is clarithromycin excreted? - ANS-It is excreted by BOTH the liver and the kidneys
so dose adjustments are not required in patients with impaired liver function
How is the gram coverage in Cephalosporins? - ANS-1st generation are gram positive
and as you go up in generations, you lose gram positive coverage and more gram
negative
How is treatment with buspirone (Buspar) usually conducted? - ANS-Can be combined
with an SSRI to treat patients with agitated or anxious depression
