CDIS 307: First Exam Study Guide
Define/provide examples of phonology
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Study of speech sounds and how they change depending on certain
situations or placements in syllables, words, and sentences.
Some children have speech sound disorders. This means they have trouble saying
certain sounds and words past the expected age. Speech sound disorders include
articulation disorder and phonological process disorder.
Articulation disorder is a problem with making certain sounds, such as "sh." Word
sounds may be dropped, added, distorted, or swapped.
Leaving off sounds from words (example: saying "coo" instead of "school")
Adding sounds to words (example: saying "puhlay" instead of "play")
Distorting sounds in words (example: saying "thith" instead of "this")
Swapping sounds in words (example: saying "wadio" instead of "radio")
Phonological process disorder is a pattern of sound mistakes, such as not pronouncing
certain letters. For instance, if a child with a phonological disorder was to say, 'On the
weekend, I went to the beach,' the sentence may sound like 'On a eet en, I ent oo a
bee.'
Signs of a phonological process disorder can include:
Saying only one syllable in a word (example: "bay" instead of "baby")
Simplifying a word by repeating two syllables (example: "baba" instead of "bottle")
Leaving out a consonant sound (example: "at" or "ba" instead of "bat")
Changing certain consonant sounds (example: "tat" instead of "cat")
Define/provide examples of semantics
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Has to do with the meaning of a word
Children with language disorder generally have a vocabulary that is poor in comparison
to children of the same age; may have difficulty expressing their thoughts.
Ex: "You know, um, veniculars-like, thingies you look through to see far away stuff. I
don't know!"
Define/provide examples of syntax
, Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers The arrangement of words, phrases, and punctuation to create well-
formed sentences in a language.
If a child says, "Home I went today," reply, "Oh, you went home today. What did you do
there?"
Write words on cards and have the students arrange them to form complete simple
sentences.
Teach students that sentences start with capital letters and that they end with periods.
Write "yesterday," "today" and "tomorrow" on the whiteboard and have the students
conjugate a list of verbs using the past, present and future tenses.
Define/provide examples of morphology
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other
words in the same language. It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such
as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes. Morpheme is the smallest unit of a word
with meaning. Think of morphemes as the pieces that come together to build a
language.
"I goed to the store with Daddy so we could buy traps to catch the mouses."
Define/provide examples of lexicon
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers The dictionary or vocabulary of a language.
children with developmental language impairments are likely to have difficulties learning
new words and difficulties with spoken word recognition.
A child might say, for example, 'I have to make names' instead of 'I have to write names'
Define/provide examples of pragmatics
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Refers to the appropriate use of language in social situations; deals
with language use in context.
If a child has difficulties with social communication they might:
Have difficulty remaining on topic in conversation.
Not try to gain the attention of adults because they do not know how to or does so
inappropriately.
Unaware of personal space.
Tell stories in a disorganised way.
Define/provide examples of phonology
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Study of speech sounds and how they change depending on certain
situations or placements in syllables, words, and sentences.
Some children have speech sound disorders. This means they have trouble saying
certain sounds and words past the expected age. Speech sound disorders include
articulation disorder and phonological process disorder.
Articulation disorder is a problem with making certain sounds, such as "sh." Word
sounds may be dropped, added, distorted, or swapped.
Leaving off sounds from words (example: saying "coo" instead of "school")
Adding sounds to words (example: saying "puhlay" instead of "play")
Distorting sounds in words (example: saying "thith" instead of "this")
Swapping sounds in words (example: saying "wadio" instead of "radio")
Phonological process disorder is a pattern of sound mistakes, such as not pronouncing
certain letters. For instance, if a child with a phonological disorder was to say, 'On the
weekend, I went to the beach,' the sentence may sound like 'On a eet en, I ent oo a
bee.'
Signs of a phonological process disorder can include:
Saying only one syllable in a word (example: "bay" instead of "baby")
Simplifying a word by repeating two syllables (example: "baba" instead of "bottle")
Leaving out a consonant sound (example: "at" or "ba" instead of "bat")
Changing certain consonant sounds (example: "tat" instead of "cat")
Define/provide examples of semantics
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Has to do with the meaning of a word
Children with language disorder generally have a vocabulary that is poor in comparison
to children of the same age; may have difficulty expressing their thoughts.
Ex: "You know, um, veniculars-like, thingies you look through to see far away stuff. I
don't know!"
Define/provide examples of syntax
, Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers The arrangement of words, phrases, and punctuation to create well-
formed sentences in a language.
If a child says, "Home I went today," reply, "Oh, you went home today. What did you do
there?"
Write words on cards and have the students arrange them to form complete simple
sentences.
Teach students that sentences start with capital letters and that they end with periods.
Write "yesterday," "today" and "tomorrow" on the whiteboard and have the students
conjugate a list of verbs using the past, present and future tenses.
Define/provide examples of morphology
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other
words in the same language. It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such
as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes. Morpheme is the smallest unit of a word
with meaning. Think of morphemes as the pieces that come together to build a
language.
"I goed to the store with Daddy so we could buy traps to catch the mouses."
Define/provide examples of lexicon
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers The dictionary or vocabulary of a language.
children with developmental language impairments are likely to have difficulties learning
new words and difficulties with spoken word recognition.
A child might say, for example, 'I have to make names' instead of 'I have to write names'
Define/provide examples of pragmatics
Provide errors that young children make in each area as they are learning language
correct answers Refers to the appropriate use of language in social situations; deals
with language use in context.
If a child has difficulties with social communication they might:
Have difficulty remaining on topic in conversation.
Not try to gain the attention of adults because they do not know how to or does so
inappropriately.
Unaware of personal space.
Tell stories in a disorganised way.
