AP Biology Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers
Active Site
✓ ~~~a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Adaptive radiation
✓ ~~~the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
aminoacyl trna Synthase
✓ ~~~Activates the amino acids that attach to tRNA
Each amino acid is attached with a different synthase
Requires two ATP bonds (energy-rich)
Transfers amino acid to 3' end of tRNA
Each tRNA molecule has a CCA nucleotide sequence where the amino acid binds
The aminonacyl-tRNA bond will be used to supply energy needed to create a peptide
bond in translation
Carbon Dioxde
✓ ~~~a colorless, odorless gas that people and animals breathe out, CO2
Codon
✓ ~~~three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Conjugation
, ✓ ~~~In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
constitutive genes
✓ ~~~housekeeping genes that are expressed continuously by the cell
constitutive enzymes
✓ ~~~always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless of
the amount of substrate
convergent evolution
✓ ~~~Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when
adapting to similar environments
covalent bond
✓ ~~~A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a
molecule
Diffusion
✓ ~~~Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
osmosis
✓ ~~~Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport
✓ ~~~Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference
endocytosis
Questions and Answers
Active Site
✓ ~~~a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Adaptive radiation
✓ ~~~the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
aminoacyl trna Synthase
✓ ~~~Activates the amino acids that attach to tRNA
Each amino acid is attached with a different synthase
Requires two ATP bonds (energy-rich)
Transfers amino acid to 3' end of tRNA
Each tRNA molecule has a CCA nucleotide sequence where the amino acid binds
The aminonacyl-tRNA bond will be used to supply energy needed to create a peptide
bond in translation
Carbon Dioxde
✓ ~~~a colorless, odorless gas that people and animals breathe out, CO2
Codon
✓ ~~~three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Conjugation
, ✓ ~~~In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
constitutive genes
✓ ~~~housekeeping genes that are expressed continuously by the cell
constitutive enzymes
✓ ~~~always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless of
the amount of substrate
convergent evolution
✓ ~~~Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when
adapting to similar environments
covalent bond
✓ ~~~A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a
molecule
Diffusion
✓ ~~~Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
osmosis
✓ ~~~Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport
✓ ~~~Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference
endocytosis
