Mdc Bsc 1005 Final Exam Study Guide

MDC BSC 1005 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate at __________. anaphase I If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are there in the cell at prophase I? Prophase I is the initial stage of meiosis, when duplicated chromosomes first become visible but no division of chromosomes or cell division has yet occurred; so, 16 chromosomes (the diploid number) are present. if the diploid number of chromosomes is 16, then each haploid daughter cell would contain 8 chromosomes. Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are there in each cell at metaphase II? 8 If a cell has 30 chromosomes before mitosis, how many does each daughter cell have afterward? The purpose of mitosis is to turn a single parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. Therefore, if the parent cell has 30 chromosomes, then each daughter cell will also have 30 chromosomes after mitosis In humans, meiosis produces cells that are __________. Meiosis is referred to as reduction division because it results in cells that are haploid; the resulting cells are specialized sex cells called gametes. Which of the following is the last stage of mitosis? TELOPHASE Which of the following terms describes a failure of chromosomes to sort properly during meiosis? Nondisjunction Diploid cells become haploid during __________. Meiosis I In meiosis II, __________. sister chromatids are separated into different daughter cells Crossing over between homologous chromosomes normally occurs __________. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes normally occurs during prophase I. a laboratory technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes a karyotype Plant cells divide by __________. mitosis followed by cytokinesis by cell plate formation Plant cells nuclear division occurs through mitosis. Their cytoplasm is divided through cytokinesis by cell-plate formation. Why are no two gametes exactly alike genetically? Each gamete has a different combination of parental chromosomes that is the result of both crossing over and independent assortment. A human skin cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain in total? A sister chromatid is one of the two identical DNA molecules that make up a duplicated chromosome. A cell in prophase of mitosis has already undergone chromosomal duplication (DNA replication). Each chromosome will consist of a pair of sister chromatids. Therefore, if the cell has 46 chromosomes, there will be a total of 92 chromatids. Which of the following is true about prophase I? It involves pairing up of homologous chromosomes. If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are there in the cell at anaphase I? The correct answer is 16 because, although the homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I, telophase I and cytokinesis have not yet occurred to produce the two haploid daughter cells that are the final product of meiosis I. Which of the following is true about meiosis II? Meiosis II is the second division of meiosis, and it results in the production of four haploid cells. are the number of chromosomes found in a somatic eukaryotic cell constant during its entire life ? The number of chromosomes found in a somatic eukaryotic cell is constant during its entire life. Although the number of chromosomes varies by species, each individual somatic (body) cell within a species will always have the specific number of chromosomes characteristic of that species (constant over its entire life). For example, a human cheek cell, liver cell, or bone cell will all always have 46 chromosomes (except for the brief period between mitotic anaphase and cytokinesis when the number of chromosomes doubles). A human somatic (body) cell has __________ chromosomes. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes; human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, for example, whereas onion cells have 16. The 46 human chromosomes exist as 23 pairs: 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y). Individuals that have an XY are classified as biologically male, while individuals with XX are biologically female. The sex of a human fetus is determined by the __________. sex chromosome found in the sperm How does meiosis generate genetic diversity? Homologous chromosomes cross over during prophase I, and during metaphase I, chromosomes align randomly. Which of the following allows sexual reproduction to occur generation after generation? Meiosis While working in a medical clinic, you are asked to assist in the care of a 16-year old female patient who has not yet begun menstruating. You also notice that she is small in stature and has a wider than average neck. You suspect that she might have __________. You suspect that she might have Turner syndrome. The patient's physical features—short stature, wide neck and possible fertility issues—suggest that she might have Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome occurs when there is only one X chromosome present in a female. Turner syndrome can result from mistakes in meiosis that produce gametes (sperm or egg) lacking an X chromosome. If such gametes are involved in fertilization, the offspring may be female with only one X chromosome (XO) instead of the normal two (XX). During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? DNA replication occurs during S phase of the cell cycle. Homologous chromosomes __________. Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes, a