CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. Which of the following is part of the reflex response to an increase in arterial
pressure?
a) Decreased firing of carotid sinus baroreceptors
b) Increased sympathetic activity to the ventricles
c) Increased parasympathetic activity to the SA Node
d) Increased parasympathetic activity to the arterioles of skeletal muscles &
skin
e) Increased parasympathetic stimulation to the ventricles
2. Correct sequences of steps in short-term compensation for hemorrhage
include:
a) Decreased arterial pressure Increased baroreceptor firing rate
b) Increased formation of Angiotensin II Increased renin released by
kidneys
c) Decreased excretion of Na+ and water Increased aldosterone formation
d) Decreased firing of baroreceptors Increased sympathetic activity
e) Decreased atrial volume Increased volume receptor firing rate
3. Venous Return:
a) Is increased on standing
b) Decreases by deep inspiration
c) Is decreased by venoconstriction
d) When increased, activates Bainbridge reflex
e) When increased, increases end-systolic volume
4. The nerve supply to the heart is as follows:
a) SA Node is innervated by sympathetic only
b) Atrial muscle is innervated by both sympathetic & parasympathetic
c) Right vagus supplies SA node & AV node
d) Left vagus supplies SA node
e) Parasympathetic supplies ventricular muscle
5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cardiac muscle?
a) It's a syncytium of muscle fibers
b) There are intercalated discs
c) Gap junctions cause spread of depolarization
d) Has myosin and actin muscles
e) There are paracellular spaces
6. The pacemaker prepotential:
a) Is due to a slow decrease in K+ influx
b) Is a slow increase in Resting Membrane Potential
c) Maintained by opening of long acting Ca2+ channels
d) Is augmented by opening of transient Ca2+ channels
e) Occurs only in the SA node
,7. Parasympathetic stimulation results in:
a) Decreases K+ efflux in cardiac muscle
b) Increases Ca2+ influx in SA node
c) Bradycardia
d) Increases Na+ influx
e) Increasing slope of prepotential
8. Which of the following is true of the electrical activity of cardiac muscle?
a) Increased extracellular K+ causes depolarization
b) Repolarization is due to Na+ current
c) Extracellular Na+ affects the pacemaker potential
d) Plateu of action potential is due to Ca2+ influx
e) Initial repolarization is due to delayed K+ efflux
9. The conductive system of the heart does not include:
a) Internodal pathways
b) Bundle of His & its branches
c) Purkinje system of fibers
d) Interventricular septum
e) AV node
10. Which of the following is not true of the ECG?
a) Needs six pairs of electrodes
b) Is useful in detection of arrhythmias
c) It is recorded from limb leads
d) Its amplitude indicates the mass of cardiac muscle
e) The PR interval indicates strength of contraction
11. In a normal ECG:
a) The P wave indicates the condition of the conductive system
b) The P wave represents depolarization of atrial myocardium
c) QRS complex is mainly negative due to spread of depolarization down
d) QRS is due to depolarization in the ventricular septum
e) The T wave is a positive wave in all chest leads
12. Which of the following is true of the cardiac cycle?
a) Ventricular diastole follows atrial systole
b) Ventricular systole causes an immediate rise in aortic pressure
c) The beginning of systole causes closure of AV valves
d) Closure of semi-lunar valves gives rise to first heart sound
e) Isovolumetric relaxation occurs at the end of diastole
13. In the atrial pressure wave:
a) The maximum pressure is about 12 mmHg
b) Pressure remains constant while AV valves are closed
c) The C wave is due to bulging of AV valve during ventricular filling
d) The V wave is due to filling of the ventricles
e) The A wave is due to atrial systole
, 14. Protodiastole:
a) Is characterized by a rapid rise in aortic pressure
b) Occurs at the onset of diastole
c) Is a period in the cardiac cycle with constant blood pressure
d) Is the last one-third of diastole
e) Is a period of slow ejection from the ventricles
15. Which of the following statements is true of the heart sounds?
a) The first sound is of high pitch
b) The first sound is of longer duration than the second
c) They are produced by abnormal valves
d) The second sound is heard best at the apex
e) The second sound is due to the closure of AV valves
16. Pressure in the pulmonary artery is:
a) Higher than that in the right atrium
b) About 25 mmHg during systole
c) About 80 mmHg during diastole
d) Is lower than that in the right ventricle
e) Is regulated by parasympathetic innervation
17. The following is not correct about baroreceptors:
a) Found in the wall of carotid sinuses
b) Found in the aortic arch
c) Monitor pressure in the arterial system
d) Send impulses through the glosso-pharyngeal nerve
e) Normally fires during late systole
18. Chemoreceptors are:
a) Found in aortic and carotid sinuses
b) Stimulated best by hypercapnoea
c) Send impulses to vasomotor center through vagus nerve
d) Have a high blood flow rate
e) Are not sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration
19. At rest the LV end-systolic volume is:
a) 10 mL
b) 30 mL
c) 50 mL
d) 120 mL
e) 140 mL
20. The best site to measure mixed venous PO2 is:
a) Superior Vena Cava
b) Right Atrium
c) Pulmonary Artery
d) Pulmonary Vein
e) Left Ventricle
1. Which of the following is part of the reflex response to an increase in arterial
pressure?
a) Decreased firing of carotid sinus baroreceptors
b) Increased sympathetic activity to the ventricles
c) Increased parasympathetic activity to the SA Node
d) Increased parasympathetic activity to the arterioles of skeletal muscles &
skin
e) Increased parasympathetic stimulation to the ventricles
2. Correct sequences of steps in short-term compensation for hemorrhage
include:
a) Decreased arterial pressure Increased baroreceptor firing rate
b) Increased formation of Angiotensin II Increased renin released by
kidneys
c) Decreased excretion of Na+ and water Increased aldosterone formation
d) Decreased firing of baroreceptors Increased sympathetic activity
e) Decreased atrial volume Increased volume receptor firing rate
3. Venous Return:
a) Is increased on standing
b) Decreases by deep inspiration
c) Is decreased by venoconstriction
d) When increased, activates Bainbridge reflex
e) When increased, increases end-systolic volume
4. The nerve supply to the heart is as follows:
a) SA Node is innervated by sympathetic only
b) Atrial muscle is innervated by both sympathetic & parasympathetic
c) Right vagus supplies SA node & AV node
d) Left vagus supplies SA node
e) Parasympathetic supplies ventricular muscle
5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cardiac muscle?
a) It's a syncytium of muscle fibers
b) There are intercalated discs
c) Gap junctions cause spread of depolarization
d) Has myosin and actin muscles
e) There are paracellular spaces
6. The pacemaker prepotential:
a) Is due to a slow decrease in K+ influx
b) Is a slow increase in Resting Membrane Potential
c) Maintained by opening of long acting Ca2+ channels
d) Is augmented by opening of transient Ca2+ channels
e) Occurs only in the SA node
,7. Parasympathetic stimulation results in:
a) Decreases K+ efflux in cardiac muscle
b) Increases Ca2+ influx in SA node
c) Bradycardia
d) Increases Na+ influx
e) Increasing slope of prepotential
8. Which of the following is true of the electrical activity of cardiac muscle?
a) Increased extracellular K+ causes depolarization
b) Repolarization is due to Na+ current
c) Extracellular Na+ affects the pacemaker potential
d) Plateu of action potential is due to Ca2+ influx
e) Initial repolarization is due to delayed K+ efflux
9. The conductive system of the heart does not include:
a) Internodal pathways
b) Bundle of His & its branches
c) Purkinje system of fibers
d) Interventricular septum
e) AV node
10. Which of the following is not true of the ECG?
a) Needs six pairs of electrodes
b) Is useful in detection of arrhythmias
c) It is recorded from limb leads
d) Its amplitude indicates the mass of cardiac muscle
e) The PR interval indicates strength of contraction
11. In a normal ECG:
a) The P wave indicates the condition of the conductive system
b) The P wave represents depolarization of atrial myocardium
c) QRS complex is mainly negative due to spread of depolarization down
d) QRS is due to depolarization in the ventricular septum
e) The T wave is a positive wave in all chest leads
12. Which of the following is true of the cardiac cycle?
a) Ventricular diastole follows atrial systole
b) Ventricular systole causes an immediate rise in aortic pressure
c) The beginning of systole causes closure of AV valves
d) Closure of semi-lunar valves gives rise to first heart sound
e) Isovolumetric relaxation occurs at the end of diastole
13. In the atrial pressure wave:
a) The maximum pressure is about 12 mmHg
b) Pressure remains constant while AV valves are closed
c) The C wave is due to bulging of AV valve during ventricular filling
d) The V wave is due to filling of the ventricles
e) The A wave is due to atrial systole
, 14. Protodiastole:
a) Is characterized by a rapid rise in aortic pressure
b) Occurs at the onset of diastole
c) Is a period in the cardiac cycle with constant blood pressure
d) Is the last one-third of diastole
e) Is a period of slow ejection from the ventricles
15. Which of the following statements is true of the heart sounds?
a) The first sound is of high pitch
b) The first sound is of longer duration than the second
c) They are produced by abnormal valves
d) The second sound is heard best at the apex
e) The second sound is due to the closure of AV valves
16. Pressure in the pulmonary artery is:
a) Higher than that in the right atrium
b) About 25 mmHg during systole
c) About 80 mmHg during diastole
d) Is lower than that in the right ventricle
e) Is regulated by parasympathetic innervation
17. The following is not correct about baroreceptors:
a) Found in the wall of carotid sinuses
b) Found in the aortic arch
c) Monitor pressure in the arterial system
d) Send impulses through the glosso-pharyngeal nerve
e) Normally fires during late systole
18. Chemoreceptors are:
a) Found in aortic and carotid sinuses
b) Stimulated best by hypercapnoea
c) Send impulses to vasomotor center through vagus nerve
d) Have a high blood flow rate
e) Are not sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration
19. At rest the LV end-systolic volume is:
a) 10 mL
b) 30 mL
c) 50 mL
d) 120 mL
e) 140 mL
20. The best site to measure mixed venous PO2 is:
a) Superior Vena Cava
b) Right Atrium
c) Pulmonary Artery
d) Pulmonary Vein
e) Left Ventricle
