PNB 2250 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% PERFECT ANSWERS
BASED ON LECTURES 1-7
What kind of lungs do arachnids have?
Answers :book lungs
What kind of breathing adaptations do aquatic spiders use?
Answers :air bubbles called diving bells
What are the simplest multicellular animals?
Answers :sponges
sponges
Answers :lack many organ systems and are aquatic
how do sponges exchange gases?
Answers :circulating water through their porous bodies
How do caterpillars breathe?
Answers :branching tracheal networks that originate in opening in their cuticle
do so through direct contract with the air
How many chambers are there in bird and mammalian hearts?
Answers :4
How many chambers are there in reptilian ancestors?
,Answers :3 chamber hearts
Did 4 chamber hearts evolve independently in birds and mammals?
Answers :yes
Torpedo Ray
Answers :electric ray
*use electric organ discharge is used to immobilize prey or ward off predators with
more than 200V
*have electrocytes that evolved from myocytes
voltage
Answers :potential for electrons to flow
Performance tradeoff in torpedo rays
Answers :adaptive that the body trunk does not participate in locomotion because
axial flexion interferes with electroreception
How do torpedo rays move?
Answers :lateral caudal propulsion rather than flapping of wings
What are electrocytes?
Answers :modified muscle cells that are excitable and stimulated by acetylcholine
What allows the torpedo ray to stun its prey?
Answers :the asymmetrical organization of electrocytes creates an electrical pulse
,True or False: some freshwater bony fishes evolved electroreception and electric
organs independently
Answers :true
What is the benefit of using electric fields?
Answers :freshwater environments tend to be turbid
performance tradeoffs
Answers :specializing in one ability often weakens another
multi-trait optimization
Answers :an animal's evolution optimizes the net selection across many
phenotypic characteristics to maximize fitness
Homology
Answers :same evolutionary origin
What are animals constrained by in evolution?
Answers :their genetic blueprint
What are questions that comparative animal physiologists ask?
Answers :How do these animals feed and assimilate nutrients?
How do they move?
, How do they perceive their world? What sensory modalities do they use?
How do they thermoregulate?
How do they stay hydrated?
What does homeostasis describe?
Answers :System's internal steady state
What's the hallmark of life?
Answers :homeostasis
What is the purpose of most physiological processes?
Answers :homeostasis
What is one characteristic of life?
Answers :ability to maintain a constant disequilibrium with the environment
What maintains stability of internal systems?
Answers :feedback loops
What do many feedback loops require?
Answers :energy expenditure to go against the physical/chemical laws in order to
change your internal environment
What do feedback systems do?
BASED ON LECTURES 1-7
What kind of lungs do arachnids have?
Answers :book lungs
What kind of breathing adaptations do aquatic spiders use?
Answers :air bubbles called diving bells
What are the simplest multicellular animals?
Answers :sponges
sponges
Answers :lack many organ systems and are aquatic
how do sponges exchange gases?
Answers :circulating water through their porous bodies
How do caterpillars breathe?
Answers :branching tracheal networks that originate in opening in their cuticle
do so through direct contract with the air
How many chambers are there in bird and mammalian hearts?
Answers :4
How many chambers are there in reptilian ancestors?
,Answers :3 chamber hearts
Did 4 chamber hearts evolve independently in birds and mammals?
Answers :yes
Torpedo Ray
Answers :electric ray
*use electric organ discharge is used to immobilize prey or ward off predators with
more than 200V
*have electrocytes that evolved from myocytes
voltage
Answers :potential for electrons to flow
Performance tradeoff in torpedo rays
Answers :adaptive that the body trunk does not participate in locomotion because
axial flexion interferes with electroreception
How do torpedo rays move?
Answers :lateral caudal propulsion rather than flapping of wings
What are electrocytes?
Answers :modified muscle cells that are excitable and stimulated by acetylcholine
What allows the torpedo ray to stun its prey?
Answers :the asymmetrical organization of electrocytes creates an electrical pulse
,True or False: some freshwater bony fishes evolved electroreception and electric
organs independently
Answers :true
What is the benefit of using electric fields?
Answers :freshwater environments tend to be turbid
performance tradeoffs
Answers :specializing in one ability often weakens another
multi-trait optimization
Answers :an animal's evolution optimizes the net selection across many
phenotypic characteristics to maximize fitness
Homology
Answers :same evolutionary origin
What are animals constrained by in evolution?
Answers :their genetic blueprint
What are questions that comparative animal physiologists ask?
Answers :How do these animals feed and assimilate nutrients?
How do they move?
, How do they perceive their world? What sensory modalities do they use?
How do they thermoregulate?
How do they stay hydrated?
What does homeostasis describe?
Answers :System's internal steady state
What's the hallmark of life?
Answers :homeostasis
What is the purpose of most physiological processes?
Answers :homeostasis
What is one characteristic of life?
Answers :ability to maintain a constant disequilibrium with the environment
What maintains stability of internal systems?
Answers :feedback loops
What do many feedback loops require?
Answers :energy expenditure to go against the physical/chemical laws in order to
change your internal environment
What do feedback systems do?
