PSY 334 Exam 2 || with 100% Verified Solutions.
There are two sexes
Sex exists as a biological fact
Sex and gender naturally go together. For example, a baby born a girl based on her biology will
naturally behave and feel like a girl (I.e., become gendered)
Sex and its relationship to psychological gender is, however, complex and unpredictable correct
answers assumptions that we have about sex
General term used for variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or
sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male correct answers
intersexuality
what percentage of the population is born intersexed correct answers 1.7
1/100,000 births
XY body composition, but cannot process androgens developed by testes
Thus, no development of male reproductive structures
Female external sex characteristics, but no uterus (thus unable to conceive)
Normal development of testes, but they are undescended
Treated and raised as females correct answers Complete Androgen Insenstivity Syndrome
1/3,000 births = XO (missing a sex chromosome represented by O)
External genitals "female"
Ovaries (internal structures) do not develop normally
Short stature, short webbed neck, down slanting eyes, droopy eyelids
Treated and raised as females correct answers Turner Syndrome
A fundamental sense of belonging to one sex or the other correct answers "Core" gender identity
When one's assigned biological sex does not fit with one' core gender identity correct answers
transsexualism
A strong and persistent desire to be the other sex or believe that one is the other sex correct
answers gender identity disorder (now termed gender dysphoria)
Fulfilling social expectations for how a man or woman behaves and appears
Tends to be more complex for male to female transsexuals correct answers "passing"
Umbrella term that refers to those with identities that cross over, move between, or otherwise
challenge the social constructed border between the genders correct answers transgender
what does transgender encompass correct answers transsexuals in transition from one sex to
another, but also others who challenge the sexual binary, such as cross dressers
, children learn "gendered" behavior from interacting with their environment correct answers
social learning theory
Any response that strengthens behaviors making them more likely to recur correct answers
reinforcement
any response that weakens behaviors making them less likely to recur correct answers
punishment
We are motivated to imitate the behavior if was reinforced correct answers vicarious
reinforcement
We are motivated to avoid the behavior if it was punished correct answers vicarious punishment
children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways
than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model correct answers bandura's bobo doll
study
What did Bandura's Bobo doll study teach us? correct answers children were more influenced by
same-sex models
who do children tend to imitate most correct answers Children are more likely to attend to,
imitate, and display sex-typical (same-sex) behavior than sex-atypical (other sex) behavior
The theory holds that when gender constancy is achieved, children then match societal
expectations for their sex and engage in gender-typed behaviors correct answers cognitive
developmental theory
stages of cognitive developmental theory correct answers gender labeling
gender stability
gender constancy
2-3.5 years old
Can gender label self (and maybe others based on appearance)
Believe sex can change based on external appearance correct answers gender labeling stage
3.5-4.5 years old
Understand that gender is consistent over time (e.g., boys become men) but not across situations
Appearance is still a factor correct answers gender stability stage
6-7 years old
Gender is constant across time and situations, independent of external features
Cognitive maturation correct answers gender constancy stage
Holds that as children learn the contents of their society/ culture's gender schema, they learn
what attributes are linked to their own sex correct answers gender schema theory
There are two sexes
Sex exists as a biological fact
Sex and gender naturally go together. For example, a baby born a girl based on her biology will
naturally behave and feel like a girl (I.e., become gendered)
Sex and its relationship to psychological gender is, however, complex and unpredictable correct
answers assumptions that we have about sex
General term used for variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or
sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male correct answers
intersexuality
what percentage of the population is born intersexed correct answers 1.7
1/100,000 births
XY body composition, but cannot process androgens developed by testes
Thus, no development of male reproductive structures
Female external sex characteristics, but no uterus (thus unable to conceive)
Normal development of testes, but they are undescended
Treated and raised as females correct answers Complete Androgen Insenstivity Syndrome
1/3,000 births = XO (missing a sex chromosome represented by O)
External genitals "female"
Ovaries (internal structures) do not develop normally
Short stature, short webbed neck, down slanting eyes, droopy eyelids
Treated and raised as females correct answers Turner Syndrome
A fundamental sense of belonging to one sex or the other correct answers "Core" gender identity
When one's assigned biological sex does not fit with one' core gender identity correct answers
transsexualism
A strong and persistent desire to be the other sex or believe that one is the other sex correct
answers gender identity disorder (now termed gender dysphoria)
Fulfilling social expectations for how a man or woman behaves and appears
Tends to be more complex for male to female transsexuals correct answers "passing"
Umbrella term that refers to those with identities that cross over, move between, or otherwise
challenge the social constructed border between the genders correct answers transgender
what does transgender encompass correct answers transsexuals in transition from one sex to
another, but also others who challenge the sexual binary, such as cross dressers
, children learn "gendered" behavior from interacting with their environment correct answers
social learning theory
Any response that strengthens behaviors making them more likely to recur correct answers
reinforcement
any response that weakens behaviors making them less likely to recur correct answers
punishment
We are motivated to imitate the behavior if was reinforced correct answers vicarious
reinforcement
We are motivated to avoid the behavior if it was punished correct answers vicarious punishment
children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways
than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model correct answers bandura's bobo doll
study
What did Bandura's Bobo doll study teach us? correct answers children were more influenced by
same-sex models
who do children tend to imitate most correct answers Children are more likely to attend to,
imitate, and display sex-typical (same-sex) behavior than sex-atypical (other sex) behavior
The theory holds that when gender constancy is achieved, children then match societal
expectations for their sex and engage in gender-typed behaviors correct answers cognitive
developmental theory
stages of cognitive developmental theory correct answers gender labeling
gender stability
gender constancy
2-3.5 years old
Can gender label self (and maybe others based on appearance)
Believe sex can change based on external appearance correct answers gender labeling stage
3.5-4.5 years old
Understand that gender is consistent over time (e.g., boys become men) but not across situations
Appearance is still a factor correct answers gender stability stage
6-7 years old
Gender is constant across time and situations, independent of external features
Cognitive maturation correct answers gender constancy stage
Holds that as children learn the contents of their society/ culture's gender schema, they learn
what attributes are linked to their own sex correct answers gender schema theory
