HMX Immunology- ALL; Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
ABO blood groups Answer-carbohydrate antigens on the surface of blood cells determine
blood type
primary lymphoid organs Answer-bone marrow and thymus
circulating leukocytes Answer-mature immune cells that circulate through blood vessels
innate immunity Answer-mechanisms that exist prior to infection and are capable of
rapid responses to microbes
adaptive immunity Answer-a more complex defense system against infection that
requires some time to develop after initial exposure to the microbe; is specific and specialized
and has memory; mediated by lymphocytes with highly diverse antigen receptors
lymphocytes Answer-a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies to fight off
infections
PD-L1 Answer-A protein that's expressed by immune cells, such as DCs, and non-immune
cells, including many cancer cells. Blocking this protein prevents its interaction with PD-1
expressed by T cells, thus relieving a negative regulator of T cell function
, HMX Immunology- ALL; Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
Checkpoint blockade Answer-the reactivation of existing T cells that are nonfunctional
due to inhibitory signaling; accomplished by blocking inhibitory receptors, which rejuvenates
exhausted T cells (mainly CTLA-4 in lymph nodes and PD-1 in tissue)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell Answer-are created by introducing into T cells a
DNA sequence that contains the recognition portion of an antibody fused to signaling
components of the T cell receptor; have been used to treat some types of cancer
Cross matching Answer-method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a
sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
HLA (human leukocyte antigen) Answer-these proteins are the most important
determinants of an allogenic immune response
HLA matching Answer-used to reduce the risk of transplant rejection
Natural antibodies Answer-Antibodies produced by the immune system in the apparent
absence of any infection. They have a broad specificity for self and microbial antigens, can react
with many pathogens, and can activate complement.
Immunosuppressive drugs Answer-Chemical agents that cause the human body not to
produce antibodies that normally fight off foreign material in the body. The production of these
, HMX Immunology- ALL; Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
antibodies needs to be suppressed in order to permit the acceptance of a donor organ by the
recipient's body (block T cell activation or kill lymphocytes)
Neoantigen discovery Answer-involves searching for antigens that uniquely occur in a
tumor (due to mutations that are part of the tumorigenic process) and are capable of binding to
host MHC; activates T cells to recognize that peptide, thus destroying cancer cells
Passive immunotherapy Answer-Individual acquires immunity through the transfer of
antibodies formed by immune individual or animal; expensive and low throughput
Polymorphic proteins Answer-proteins encoded by genes with more than one variant
(allele) for that gene; can be abnormally expressed
Transplantation Answer-The grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another
site, or of an organ or tissue from one person to another.
Transplant rejection Answer-Recognition by the immune system of a transplanted tissue
as foreign and subsequent attack on the tissue; initiated by T lymphocytes
Transfusion Answer-transferring blood from one person to another
Transfusion reaction Answer-reaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not
compatible with its own blood via complement activation and opsonization
Answers 100% Correct
ABO blood groups Answer-carbohydrate antigens on the surface of blood cells determine
blood type
primary lymphoid organs Answer-bone marrow and thymus
circulating leukocytes Answer-mature immune cells that circulate through blood vessels
innate immunity Answer-mechanisms that exist prior to infection and are capable of
rapid responses to microbes
adaptive immunity Answer-a more complex defense system against infection that
requires some time to develop after initial exposure to the microbe; is specific and specialized
and has memory; mediated by lymphocytes with highly diverse antigen receptors
lymphocytes Answer-a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies to fight off
infections
PD-L1 Answer-A protein that's expressed by immune cells, such as DCs, and non-immune
cells, including many cancer cells. Blocking this protein prevents its interaction with PD-1
expressed by T cells, thus relieving a negative regulator of T cell function
, HMX Immunology- ALL; Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
Checkpoint blockade Answer-the reactivation of existing T cells that are nonfunctional
due to inhibitory signaling; accomplished by blocking inhibitory receptors, which rejuvenates
exhausted T cells (mainly CTLA-4 in lymph nodes and PD-1 in tissue)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell Answer-are created by introducing into T cells a
DNA sequence that contains the recognition portion of an antibody fused to signaling
components of the T cell receptor; have been used to treat some types of cancer
Cross matching Answer-method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a
sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
HLA (human leukocyte antigen) Answer-these proteins are the most important
determinants of an allogenic immune response
HLA matching Answer-used to reduce the risk of transplant rejection
Natural antibodies Answer-Antibodies produced by the immune system in the apparent
absence of any infection. They have a broad specificity for self and microbial antigens, can react
with many pathogens, and can activate complement.
Immunosuppressive drugs Answer-Chemical agents that cause the human body not to
produce antibodies that normally fight off foreign material in the body. The production of these
, HMX Immunology- ALL; Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
antibodies needs to be suppressed in order to permit the acceptance of a donor organ by the
recipient's body (block T cell activation or kill lymphocytes)
Neoantigen discovery Answer-involves searching for antigens that uniquely occur in a
tumor (due to mutations that are part of the tumorigenic process) and are capable of binding to
host MHC; activates T cells to recognize that peptide, thus destroying cancer cells
Passive immunotherapy Answer-Individual acquires immunity through the transfer of
antibodies formed by immune individual or animal; expensive and low throughput
Polymorphic proteins Answer-proteins encoded by genes with more than one variant
(allele) for that gene; can be abnormally expressed
Transplantation Answer-The grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another
site, or of an organ or tissue from one person to another.
Transplant rejection Answer-Recognition by the immune system of a transplanted tissue
as foreign and subsequent attack on the tissue; initiated by T lymphocytes
Transfusion Answer-transferring blood from one person to another
Transfusion reaction Answer-reaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not
compatible with its own blood via complement activation and opsonization
