Advanced Pathophysiology
Nurse 580 Questions And
Answers
What is formed as an end product of protein, carbohydrate, and fat
metabolism?
✓~ Acid
How many immunity lines of defense are there? Name them.
✓~ There are 3 line of immunity defenses:
1) Innate resistance ("natural" immunity)
2) Inflammatory response
Innate response
, ✓~ The body's first line of immunity defense- e.g the body's complement system
and substances called interferon and interleukin-1 (which causes fever). Also,
physical and mechanical barriers (skin/mucous membranes) and biochemical
barriers (antibacterial peptides found in secretions and normal bacterial flora)
Inflammatory response
✓~ The body's second line of immunity defense - non-specific, rapid, and non-
memory cell forming. Caused by a variety of materials. Often has local
manifestations and has a vascular response
Vascular response during acute inflammation
✓~ -vasodialation
-increased capillary permeability
-white blood cell adherence to inner vessel walls and migration through vessel
walls
How many plasma protein systems provide a biochemical barrier against invading
pathogens in circulation. What are they?
✓~ 1) Complement system
2) Coagulation system
, 3) Kinin system
*all contain inactive enzymes (proenzymes)
proenzymes
✓~ The inactive form of an enzyme found within a cell.
-sequentially activated
-first proenzyme is converted to an active enzyme
-substrate of activated enzyme becomes next component in series
complement proteins can be activated in how many ways? Name them.
✓~ The complement system can be activated in three ways:
1) classical pathway
2)the alternative pathway
3) the lectin pathway
Nurse 580 Questions And
Answers
What is formed as an end product of protein, carbohydrate, and fat
metabolism?
✓~ Acid
How many immunity lines of defense are there? Name them.
✓~ There are 3 line of immunity defenses:
1) Innate resistance ("natural" immunity)
2) Inflammatory response
Innate response
, ✓~ The body's first line of immunity defense- e.g the body's complement system
and substances called interferon and interleukin-1 (which causes fever). Also,
physical and mechanical barriers (skin/mucous membranes) and biochemical
barriers (antibacterial peptides found in secretions and normal bacterial flora)
Inflammatory response
✓~ The body's second line of immunity defense - non-specific, rapid, and non-
memory cell forming. Caused by a variety of materials. Often has local
manifestations and has a vascular response
Vascular response during acute inflammation
✓~ -vasodialation
-increased capillary permeability
-white blood cell adherence to inner vessel walls and migration through vessel
walls
How many plasma protein systems provide a biochemical barrier against invading
pathogens in circulation. What are they?
✓~ 1) Complement system
2) Coagulation system
, 3) Kinin system
*all contain inactive enzymes (proenzymes)
proenzymes
✓~ The inactive form of an enzyme found within a cell.
-sequentially activated
-first proenzyme is converted to an active enzyme
-substrate of activated enzyme becomes next component in series
complement proteins can be activated in how many ways? Name them.
✓~ The complement system can be activated in three ways:
1) classical pathway
2)the alternative pathway
3) the lectin pathway
