Pharmacology Question and Answers
Graded A+ 2024-2026
Which intervention is most appropriate for the treatment of a patient in asystole?
A. atropine
B. defibrillation
C. epinephrine
D. transcutaneous pacing – Answer c. epinephrine
A patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Two shocks and 1 dose of epinephrine have been given.
Which drug should be given next?
A. adenosine 6 mg
B. amiodarone 300 mg
C. epinephrine 3 mg
D. lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg – Answer B. amiodarone 300 mg
3. Unstable Angina
-may be caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing coronary vasoconstriction and thrombus
formation
-always a medical emergency
-3 doses sublingual nitroglycerin 5 minutes apart.
Angina treatment - Answer Nitroglycerin (Nitro-bid, Nitrostat)
-sublingual, oral, inhalant or transdermal patch.
Used to prevent ischemia in stable angina, some variant used in acute attacks in all forms of angina.
,Side effects: headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, nausea
Precautions: Be aware of extreme side affects with acute, sublingual administration.
Make certain patient has sublingual nitroglycerin.
Angina treatment with blockers (4) - Answer1. Beta Blockers
-treat STABLE and UNSTABLE angina
-may increase time to onset of symptoms during exercise.
Nuclear (goes into nucleus)
Inverse Agonist - Answer Receptors have some level of "basal activity"
active at 0 or baseline.
inverse agonist reduces the basal
Ion trapping in kidney – Answer pH dependent.
if charged, can't reabsorb it, if not charged, you can reabsorb it.
Is PNS or SNS the more active/dominate one? – Answer It's the one that is predominate in body at rest
= PNS
Life cycle of the drug - Answer1. Get it in the body
2. send the drug to the appropriate place
3. metabolize (break down) the drug
4. Get the drug out (excretion)
,Low Extraction Drugs – Answer Zero order drugs
Enzyme limited.
Ex: liver only has so many enzymes and can only work at a given rate, so it doesn't matter the constant
concentration added, it can only do so much so fast.
Low volume of distribution:
High volume of distribution: - Answer low= drug trapped in plasma. <42
high= drug is being stored in an organ or tissue. Not in the plasma.
Maximum Efficacy curve – Answer A is most efficacious.
Then B.
Then C.
All three have the same EC 50. So they are the same potency.
Mechanism of Congestive Heart failure – Answer Cardiac lesions--> ischemia, infarction, myopathy,
hypertension, valve disease
2. Calcium entry blockers
-treat STABLE angina
-drug of choice for variant angina
3. Angiotensin Blockers
, -treat VARIANT angina
4. Anti-clotting Medications
-treat UNSTABLE angina
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do what?
why does AII increase BP?
drugs involved
side effects – Answer block the production of Angiotensinogen II (are vasoconstrictors)
They decrease vasoconstriction and fluid retention.
Renin system:
Angiotensin I is stimulated to make AI from drop in BP and SNS. Creates AII which increases TPR.
Increases water uptake, increase Na+ uptake, ADH and aldosterone. This increases DBP, SBP and Q
Drugs: captopril (capoten), Enalapril (vasotec), Benazapril (lotensin)
Side effects:
Dizziness, tachycardia
GI discomfort
Non-productive, nagging cough
Chest pain
ANS action on bladder - AnswerVoid bladder= PNS (constricts the detrusor muscle and relaxes internal
sphincter)
Graded A+ 2024-2026
Which intervention is most appropriate for the treatment of a patient in asystole?
A. atropine
B. defibrillation
C. epinephrine
D. transcutaneous pacing – Answer c. epinephrine
A patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Two shocks and 1 dose of epinephrine have been given.
Which drug should be given next?
A. adenosine 6 mg
B. amiodarone 300 mg
C. epinephrine 3 mg
D. lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg – Answer B. amiodarone 300 mg
3. Unstable Angina
-may be caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing coronary vasoconstriction and thrombus
formation
-always a medical emergency
-3 doses sublingual nitroglycerin 5 minutes apart.
Angina treatment - Answer Nitroglycerin (Nitro-bid, Nitrostat)
-sublingual, oral, inhalant or transdermal patch.
Used to prevent ischemia in stable angina, some variant used in acute attacks in all forms of angina.
,Side effects: headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, nausea
Precautions: Be aware of extreme side affects with acute, sublingual administration.
Make certain patient has sublingual nitroglycerin.
Angina treatment with blockers (4) - Answer1. Beta Blockers
-treat STABLE and UNSTABLE angina
-may increase time to onset of symptoms during exercise.
Nuclear (goes into nucleus)
Inverse Agonist - Answer Receptors have some level of "basal activity"
active at 0 or baseline.
inverse agonist reduces the basal
Ion trapping in kidney – Answer pH dependent.
if charged, can't reabsorb it, if not charged, you can reabsorb it.
Is PNS or SNS the more active/dominate one? – Answer It's the one that is predominate in body at rest
= PNS
Life cycle of the drug - Answer1. Get it in the body
2. send the drug to the appropriate place
3. metabolize (break down) the drug
4. Get the drug out (excretion)
,Low Extraction Drugs – Answer Zero order drugs
Enzyme limited.
Ex: liver only has so many enzymes and can only work at a given rate, so it doesn't matter the constant
concentration added, it can only do so much so fast.
Low volume of distribution:
High volume of distribution: - Answer low= drug trapped in plasma. <42
high= drug is being stored in an organ or tissue. Not in the plasma.
Maximum Efficacy curve – Answer A is most efficacious.
Then B.
Then C.
All three have the same EC 50. So they are the same potency.
Mechanism of Congestive Heart failure – Answer Cardiac lesions--> ischemia, infarction, myopathy,
hypertension, valve disease
2. Calcium entry blockers
-treat STABLE angina
-drug of choice for variant angina
3. Angiotensin Blockers
, -treat VARIANT angina
4. Anti-clotting Medications
-treat UNSTABLE angina
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do what?
why does AII increase BP?
drugs involved
side effects – Answer block the production of Angiotensinogen II (are vasoconstrictors)
They decrease vasoconstriction and fluid retention.
Renin system:
Angiotensin I is stimulated to make AI from drop in BP and SNS. Creates AII which increases TPR.
Increases water uptake, increase Na+ uptake, ADH and aldosterone. This increases DBP, SBP and Q
Drugs: captopril (capoten), Enalapril (vasotec), Benazapril (lotensin)
Side effects:
Dizziness, tachycardia
GI discomfort
Non-productive, nagging cough
Chest pain
ANS action on bladder - AnswerVoid bladder= PNS (constricts the detrusor muscle and relaxes internal
sphincter)
