PHILOSOPHY TEST 1QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A GRADED
Metaphisics - correct answers ✔✔ -the study of the nature of reality
. Ex.
Is there a god? Do we have free will, or is everything that happens predetermined?
Epistemology - correct answers ✔✔ -study of knowledge, "is the world true"
What is the definition of "know"?
Ethics - correct answers ✔✔ -the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in
making decisions
Is pleasure the only good in life? What rights
Do people have?
logic - correct answers ✔✔ -Studies valid reasoning, certain general characteristics of
propositions support or conflict with
Eachother.
What are the rules for when an argument is valid?
Conjunction, conjuncts - correct answers ✔✔ -A conjunction is a form of a proposition
that is compound meaning that they have
other propositions as components. A conjunction is an and statement and the two parts
Are called conjuncts.
disjunction, disjuncts - correct answers ✔✔ -This is also a compound proposition, but
this is an or statement. The two parts of the
statements are called disjuncts.
The symbol is a logical connector that means "or." Thus, the compound statement p q
represents the sentence, "Ann is on the softball team or Paul is on the football team."
Conditional, antecedent, consequent - correct answers ✔✔ -Sentences or propositions
combined using "if... then" are known as conditionals. The
, if part is known as the antecedent and the then part is known as the consequent.
Metaphysical Possibility - correct answers ✔✔ -Metaphysical possibility is what
philosophers see as possible, things can be possible
Even if you know they are false, and even if they contradict the laws of nature. A good
test
For this is what would make sense to entertain as part of a fictional story.
necessity and contingency - correct answers ✔✔ -A necessary proposition is one that
could not have been false; that is, its negation is impossible.
It is raining now or it is not raining now A contingent proposition is one that could have
been true and could have been false; That is, it is neither necessary nor impossible. the
proposition that human beings have evolved from other forms of life.
Premise - correct answers ✔✔ -the statements that are used to support the other
statements.
We reason from the premises, and are usually chosen to be things that Are widely
accepted or would seem obvious to most people.
John does not like any sour things. Premise 2: All lemons are sour. Conclusion: John
does not like lemons.
Validity - correct answers ✔✔ -An argument is valid when the premises entail the
conclusion; that is, It would be impossible for all the premises to be true and the
conclusion to be False. Validity doesn't require the premises of the argument to be
correct, or Reasonable, or even consistent, it only requires that it not be possible that
the
Premises all be true and the conclusion false.
Soundness - correct answers ✔✔ -when a deductive argument is valid and all the
premises are actually true
deductive vs. non deductive arguments - correct answers ✔✔ -A deductive argument is
one in which the premises
Are supposed to support the conclusion conclusively, that is in such a way that it Would
be contradictory for the premises to be true and the conclusion to not be True. A
deductive argument could have a mistaken argument and still be
Deductive. A non-deductive argument is any argument that isn't deductive.
An argument in which the premises are supposed to provide some grounds For the
conclusion, but not conclusive grounds. The premises show the conclusion To be
probably, or more probable than one would otherwise think.
Rationality - correct answers ✔✔ -This is to think correctly, to accept the conclusions
that one has good reason to accept, To avoid contradicting oneself, to avoid invalid
deductive inferences or uncogent Non-deductive inferences, to avoid reasoning
circularly and so on. It is possible to be fully Rational and mistaken.
CORRECT ANSWERS A GRADED
Metaphisics - correct answers ✔✔ -the study of the nature of reality
. Ex.
Is there a god? Do we have free will, or is everything that happens predetermined?
Epistemology - correct answers ✔✔ -study of knowledge, "is the world true"
What is the definition of "know"?
Ethics - correct answers ✔✔ -the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in
making decisions
Is pleasure the only good in life? What rights
Do people have?
logic - correct answers ✔✔ -Studies valid reasoning, certain general characteristics of
propositions support or conflict with
Eachother.
What are the rules for when an argument is valid?
Conjunction, conjuncts - correct answers ✔✔ -A conjunction is a form of a proposition
that is compound meaning that they have
other propositions as components. A conjunction is an and statement and the two parts
Are called conjuncts.
disjunction, disjuncts - correct answers ✔✔ -This is also a compound proposition, but
this is an or statement. The two parts of the
statements are called disjuncts.
The symbol is a logical connector that means "or." Thus, the compound statement p q
represents the sentence, "Ann is on the softball team or Paul is on the football team."
Conditional, antecedent, consequent - correct answers ✔✔ -Sentences or propositions
combined using "if... then" are known as conditionals. The
, if part is known as the antecedent and the then part is known as the consequent.
Metaphysical Possibility - correct answers ✔✔ -Metaphysical possibility is what
philosophers see as possible, things can be possible
Even if you know they are false, and even if they contradict the laws of nature. A good
test
For this is what would make sense to entertain as part of a fictional story.
necessity and contingency - correct answers ✔✔ -A necessary proposition is one that
could not have been false; that is, its negation is impossible.
It is raining now or it is not raining now A contingent proposition is one that could have
been true and could have been false; That is, it is neither necessary nor impossible. the
proposition that human beings have evolved from other forms of life.
Premise - correct answers ✔✔ -the statements that are used to support the other
statements.
We reason from the premises, and are usually chosen to be things that Are widely
accepted or would seem obvious to most people.
John does not like any sour things. Premise 2: All lemons are sour. Conclusion: John
does not like lemons.
Validity - correct answers ✔✔ -An argument is valid when the premises entail the
conclusion; that is, It would be impossible for all the premises to be true and the
conclusion to be False. Validity doesn't require the premises of the argument to be
correct, or Reasonable, or even consistent, it only requires that it not be possible that
the
Premises all be true and the conclusion false.
Soundness - correct answers ✔✔ -when a deductive argument is valid and all the
premises are actually true
deductive vs. non deductive arguments - correct answers ✔✔ -A deductive argument is
one in which the premises
Are supposed to support the conclusion conclusively, that is in such a way that it Would
be contradictory for the premises to be true and the conclusion to not be True. A
deductive argument could have a mistaken argument and still be
Deductive. A non-deductive argument is any argument that isn't deductive.
An argument in which the premises are supposed to provide some grounds For the
conclusion, but not conclusive grounds. The premises show the conclusion To be
probably, or more probable than one would otherwise think.
Rationality - correct answers ✔✔ -This is to think correctly, to accept the conclusions
that one has good reason to accept, To avoid contradicting oneself, to avoid invalid
deductive inferences or uncogent Non-deductive inferences, to avoid reasoning
circularly and so on. It is possible to be fully Rational and mistaken.
