Natural Science Final Exam Study Guide
Biology - Answer -The study of life and living things
cell membrane - Answer -the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell
Cells - Answer -the basic units that make up all living organisms
Chloroplast - Answer -the organelle in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight to build organic
molecules
Chromosomes - Answer -DNA containing structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cytoplasm - Answer -the part of the cell that is outside the nucleus
DNA - Answer -deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms; a
double-stranded molecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to a series of nitrogenous
bases
Eukaryotes - Answer -Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, such as animals and plants
mitochondria - Answer -organelles that break down food molecules to provide the energy that cells
need to carry out their function
, nucleus - Answer -a structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cells DNA
Organelles - Answer -structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that have specific functions
organism - Answer -an individual living thing such as a plant or an animal
Prokaryote - Answer -organisms whose cells have no nucleus, such as bacteria
active transport - Answer -transport across the cell membrane in which energy is required from the cell
ATP - Answer -adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that provides energy for most cellular process
cellular respiration - Answer -the aerobic, or oxygen-using breakdown of glucose to obtain ATP
enzyme - Answer -a protein that lowers the activation energy for a chemical reaction, allowing the
reaction to happen more quickly
mitosis - Answer -a type of cell division in which one cell divides into two cells, each of which has the
same genetic information as the original cell
passive transport - Answer -transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the
cell, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion
photosynthesis - Answer -the process in plants and certain other organisms in which light energy from
the sun is converted to chemical energy in organic molecules
Adaptation - Answer -a trait that makes organisms well suited to living and reproducing in their
enviorements
Biology - Answer -The study of life and living things
cell membrane - Answer -the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell
Cells - Answer -the basic units that make up all living organisms
Chloroplast - Answer -the organelle in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight to build organic
molecules
Chromosomes - Answer -DNA containing structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cytoplasm - Answer -the part of the cell that is outside the nucleus
DNA - Answer -deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms; a
double-stranded molecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to a series of nitrogenous
bases
Eukaryotes - Answer -Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, such as animals and plants
mitochondria - Answer -organelles that break down food molecules to provide the energy that cells
need to carry out their function
, nucleus - Answer -a structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cells DNA
Organelles - Answer -structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that have specific functions
organism - Answer -an individual living thing such as a plant or an animal
Prokaryote - Answer -organisms whose cells have no nucleus, such as bacteria
active transport - Answer -transport across the cell membrane in which energy is required from the cell
ATP - Answer -adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that provides energy for most cellular process
cellular respiration - Answer -the aerobic, or oxygen-using breakdown of glucose to obtain ATP
enzyme - Answer -a protein that lowers the activation energy for a chemical reaction, allowing the
reaction to happen more quickly
mitosis - Answer -a type of cell division in which one cell divides into two cells, each of which has the
same genetic information as the original cell
passive transport - Answer -transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the
cell, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion
photosynthesis - Answer -the process in plants and certain other organisms in which light energy from
the sun is converted to chemical energy in organic molecules
Adaptation - Answer -a trait that makes organisms well suited to living and reproducing in their
enviorements
