BIOL 3225 PRACTICE EXAM 3 WITH 48 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A 16 year-old female-presenting and identifying individual comes into your office to determine the
reason why she hasn't started menstruating yet. Further tests reveal that she lacks internal female sex
organs but she does have abdominal testes, vas deferens, and a prostate gland. Based on this
information, what can you tell me about your patient?
a) none of these answers is appropriate
b) she has persistent Müllerian syndrome
c) she is chromosomally XY
d) she has an excess of androgen receptors - -c) she is chromosomally XY
-A virus systematically passes the blood brain barrier and infects ONLY the apneustic center of the brain.
With infection, the neurons that live inside of the apneustic center die. What might happen to
respiration in this case?
a) breaths become deeper
b) impossible to determine
c) breaths become longer
d) breaths become shorter - -d) breaths become shorter
-Angiotensin II binds to receptors located within specific regions of the brain to promote certain
behaviors in addition to it's known effects on physiology. Knowing what you know about angiotensin II
and the types of changes it instigates in the body, what sorts of behaviors do you think brain regions
with angiotensin II receptors likely promotes?
a) drinking
b) urination
c) sleeping
d) reproductive behaviors - -a) drinking
-Central chemoreceptors work to alter the rake and depth of respiration by...
a) detecting a drop in cerebrospinal fluid partial pressure of oxygen.
b) detecting an increase in blood hydrogen ion concentrations.
c) detecting an increase in cerebrospinal fluid acidity.
d) detecting a decrease in blood acidity. - -c) detecting an increase in cerebrospinal fluid acidity.
-How do you think the sex organs would develop in an XX individual that had many androgen receptors?
Why? - -could go one of two ways with this one, really....
- would develop female-typical internal sex organs
* circulating levels of androgens are pretty low in developing XX individuals
* even if there were more receptors present, it is unlikely that ligand concentrations for those receptors
would be high enough to actually produce effects
- would be slightly masculinized
* more receptors would make the XX individuals more sensitive to whatever androgens they are being
exposed to
, * could see some masculinization/survival of the Wolffian duct because of this increased sensitivity, but
would definitely still see Mullerian duct (because they aren't altered in their response to AMH)
-How does an increase in sympathetic activity overall impact kidney function?
a) all of these
b) it limits blood flow to the kidneys
c) increases aquaporins in the membrane
d) antagonizes the effects of angiotensin II - -b) it limits blood flow to the kidneys
-How is dihydrotestosterone synthesized?
a) from progesterone via DHTase
b) from estradiol via aromatase
c) from testosterone via 5-α-reductase
d) from testosterone via aromatase - -c) from testosterone via 5-α-reductase
-How is most oxygen transported through the blood?
a) bound to the external surface of red blood cells
b) as bicarbonate ion
c) diffused within the plasma
d) bound to hemoglobin - -d) bound to hemoglobin
-How is water typically reabsorbed within the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron?
a) via cotransport with glucose
b) via vasopressin activity
c) none of these
d) via diffusion - -d) via diffusion
-If a drug causes vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole ONLY, what would happen?
a) net filtration rate would decrease
b) glomerular blood pressure would decrease
c) secretion of renin would increase
d) net filtration pressure would increase - -d) net filtration pressure would increase
-If an XY individual makes nonfunctional AMH receptors, this person will...
a) have internal female sex organs.
b) have ovaries.
c) not develop external male genitalia. - -a) have internal female sex organs.
-In each of the scenarios described below, you tell me whether you would expect to see an increase or
decrease in water reabsorption.
- blocking of aldosterone receptors - -decrease in water reabsorption
-In each of the scenarios described below, you tell me whether you would expect to see an increase or
decrease in water reabsorption.
- increased blood flow to the kidneys - -increase in water reabsorption
-In each of the scenarios described below, you tell me whether you would expect to see an increase or
decrease in water reabsorption.
ANSWERS
A 16 year-old female-presenting and identifying individual comes into your office to determine the
reason why she hasn't started menstruating yet. Further tests reveal that she lacks internal female sex
organs but she does have abdominal testes, vas deferens, and a prostate gland. Based on this
information, what can you tell me about your patient?
a) none of these answers is appropriate
b) she has persistent Müllerian syndrome
c) she is chromosomally XY
d) she has an excess of androgen receptors - -c) she is chromosomally XY
-A virus systematically passes the blood brain barrier and infects ONLY the apneustic center of the brain.
With infection, the neurons that live inside of the apneustic center die. What might happen to
respiration in this case?
a) breaths become deeper
b) impossible to determine
c) breaths become longer
d) breaths become shorter - -d) breaths become shorter
-Angiotensin II binds to receptors located within specific regions of the brain to promote certain
behaviors in addition to it's known effects on physiology. Knowing what you know about angiotensin II
and the types of changes it instigates in the body, what sorts of behaviors do you think brain regions
with angiotensin II receptors likely promotes?
a) drinking
b) urination
c) sleeping
d) reproductive behaviors - -a) drinking
-Central chemoreceptors work to alter the rake and depth of respiration by...
a) detecting a drop in cerebrospinal fluid partial pressure of oxygen.
b) detecting an increase in blood hydrogen ion concentrations.
c) detecting an increase in cerebrospinal fluid acidity.
d) detecting a decrease in blood acidity. - -c) detecting an increase in cerebrospinal fluid acidity.
-How do you think the sex organs would develop in an XX individual that had many androgen receptors?
Why? - -could go one of two ways with this one, really....
- would develop female-typical internal sex organs
* circulating levels of androgens are pretty low in developing XX individuals
* even if there were more receptors present, it is unlikely that ligand concentrations for those receptors
would be high enough to actually produce effects
- would be slightly masculinized
* more receptors would make the XX individuals more sensitive to whatever androgens they are being
exposed to
, * could see some masculinization/survival of the Wolffian duct because of this increased sensitivity, but
would definitely still see Mullerian duct (because they aren't altered in their response to AMH)
-How does an increase in sympathetic activity overall impact kidney function?
a) all of these
b) it limits blood flow to the kidneys
c) increases aquaporins in the membrane
d) antagonizes the effects of angiotensin II - -b) it limits blood flow to the kidneys
-How is dihydrotestosterone synthesized?
a) from progesterone via DHTase
b) from estradiol via aromatase
c) from testosterone via 5-α-reductase
d) from testosterone via aromatase - -c) from testosterone via 5-α-reductase
-How is most oxygen transported through the blood?
a) bound to the external surface of red blood cells
b) as bicarbonate ion
c) diffused within the plasma
d) bound to hemoglobin - -d) bound to hemoglobin
-How is water typically reabsorbed within the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron?
a) via cotransport with glucose
b) via vasopressin activity
c) none of these
d) via diffusion - -d) via diffusion
-If a drug causes vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole ONLY, what would happen?
a) net filtration rate would decrease
b) glomerular blood pressure would decrease
c) secretion of renin would increase
d) net filtration pressure would increase - -d) net filtration pressure would increase
-If an XY individual makes nonfunctional AMH receptors, this person will...
a) have internal female sex organs.
b) have ovaries.
c) not develop external male genitalia. - -a) have internal female sex organs.
-In each of the scenarios described below, you tell me whether you would expect to see an increase or
decrease in water reabsorption.
- blocking of aldosterone receptors - -decrease in water reabsorption
-In each of the scenarios described below, you tell me whether you would expect to see an increase or
decrease in water reabsorption.
- increased blood flow to the kidneys - -increase in water reabsorption
-In each of the scenarios described below, you tell me whether you would expect to see an increase or
decrease in water reabsorption.
