Qs from COMSAE – A (fully solved & updated).

S. pyogenes RF- follows what and what is cause? pharyngitis-- T2HSr S. pyogenes ASGN- follows what and what is cause? impetigo --> T3HSR CO poisoning BG cerebellum hippocampus MOA of methyldopa false nt--> acts as partial agonist at alpha 2--> centrally acting MOA and SE of azathioprine? precursor of 6-mercaptopurine inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis SE: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia **DEGRADED BY Xanthine oxidase--> be careful with allopurinol SE of TMP-SMX? hemolysis n/v septal branches of nose? sphenopalatine artery? tx of pseudomonas? AMINOGLYCOSIDES ticaracillin + piperacillin cefepime, ceftazimine entaemoeba histolytica? amebiasis-- bloody diarrhea, liver abscess- anchovy paste **RUQ pain-- pseudoappendicitis pseudoappendicitis? Y. enterocolitica entamoeba histolytica dientamoeba fragilis GI sx-- diarrhea balantidum coli ciliated GI sx-- diarrhea/contsipation macrolide with longest half life? azithromycin SE of PD meds? arrhythmias dyskinesia DKA breathing Kussmaul Cheyene Stokes breathing breathing hypoxia baby yawning, dilated pupils, tachypnea, sneezing, nasal stuffiness, sweating, diarrhea- withdrawal from what? opioids--> heroine, morphine, methadone fetal dx of sickle cell anemia? amniocentesis signet cell tumor in stomach? gastric adenocarcinoma panic disorder palpitations paresthesias, ab distress, nausea **FEAR OF DYING light-headed, chest pain, chills sweating shaking SOB **peak in 10 mins, lasts 30 mins lobar pneumonia- cause intra-alveolar exudate--> entire lung bronchopneumonia-- cause inflam infiltrates of bronchioles purulent, foul smelling sputum, recurrent infections and hemoptysis- dx bronchiectasis-- chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi -- from obstruction, Kartagener's, smoking, CF, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (asthma/CF) osteoporosis thin medullary, thick cortical bone genetics of Marfans AD- fibrillin fever, low back pain, dysuria, urgency, difficulty initiating urination and increased frequency, perineal pain prostatitis if herniate IVD C5/C6 what nerve root do you injury? C6 MOA of mirtazapine? alpha 2 antagonist--> increases NE in synapse used for depression MOA of phenelzine? MOA-I --> increase nts in synapse antidepressant drug that causes postural hypotension and acute glaucoma? TCAs: - alpha 1 blocking effects - anticholinergic effects tx for SE of TCAs? NaHCO3 tx of serotonin syndrome? cyproheptadine one of few X linked disease found exclusively in girls? Rett disorder hand wringing, ataxia, intel disability, loss of verbal abilities and development? Rett disorder MOA of mifepristone? competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone R dx of breast cancer? 1. PE 2. mammography 3. biopsy pseudoappendicitis with weight loss, fever, high eosinophils- dx Entamoeba histolytica tx of entamoeba histolytica? metronidazole or iodoquinol tx of Giardia? metronidazole multiple rib fxs, paradoxical breathing/movement, pain to palpation? flail chest positive HBsAg and HBc IgG ab -- dx chronic HBV infection acute HBV infection HBsAg anti HBc IgM chronic HBV HBs Ag anti-HBc IgG recovered/immunity to HBV Anti-HBs Ab** SIADH sx hyponatremia excess H20 retention but no change in ECF vol-- near normal volume status because decreased aldosterone production --> hyponatremia urine osmolarity > plasma osmolarity withdrawal sx of heroine dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, naseua stomach cramps!!! diarrhea third nerve palsy, decerebrate posture, meningismus- stroke - what vessel PCom stroke