NUR3515 EXAM 1 GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Aerobic - ANSWER Process that requires oxygen
Airborne transmission - ANSWER The spread of an organism via droplets or
dust
Anaerobic - ANSWER Process that does not require oxygen
Antibody - ANSWER A protein that acts against a specific antigen
Antigen - ANSWER substance that triggers an immune response
Antimicrobial - ANSWER able to destroy or suppress the growth of
pathogens and other micro-organisms
Asepsis - ANSWER absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Bacteria - ANSWER single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
Bundles - ANSWER evidence-based best practices that have proven positive
outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection
Colonization - ANSWER does not show symptoms of a disease
Direct contact - ANSWER exposure or transmission of a communicable
disease from one person to another by physical contact
Disinfection - ANSWER The process of destroying pathogens
Droplet transmission - ANSWER transmission via airborne droplets less than
1 meter
,Endemic - ANSWER a disease that is always present in a population within a
geographic area. For example, malaria is an endemic disease in parts of Africa
south of the Sahara desert.
Endogenous - ANSWER produced from within; due to internal causes
Exogenous - ANSWER Produced outside the body
Fomite - ANSWER A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious
agent from person to person.
Fungi - ANSWER An organism that absorbs nutrients from the environment.
Healthcare associated infection (HAI) - ANSWER an infection acquired within
a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care
Iatrogenic - ANSWER produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a
treatment prescribed by a physician)
Infection - ANSWER Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic
organisms
Medical asepsis - ANSWER practices designed to reduce the number and
transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique
Nosocomial - ANSWER (of a disease) originating in a hospital.
Parasites - ANSWER An organism that lives in or on another organism,
deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it
Pathogens - ANSWER disease causing agents
Reservoir - ANSWER natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of
microorganisms
,Surgical asepsis - ANSWER techniques used to destroy all pathogenic
organisms, also called sterile technique
Transmission based precautions - ANSWER measures taken to prevent the
spread of diseases from people suspected to be infected or colonized with
highly transmissible pathogens that require measures beyond standard
precautions to interrupt transmission, specifically, airborne, droplet, and
contact precautions
Vector - ANSWER a carrier of disease or of medication. For example, in
malaria a mosquito is the vector that carries and transfers the infectious
agent.
Virulence - ANSWER ability to produce disease
Virus - ANSWER smallest of all microorganisms; cause many infections
(common cold, hep b and c, aids) Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, some
are effective in prodromal stage and can shorten the full illness.
An organism's potential to produce disease in a person depends on a variety
of factors, including: - ANSWER 1.Number of organisms
2.Virulence of the organism, or its ability to cause disease
3.Competence of the person's immune system
4.Length and intimacy (extent) of the contact between the person and the
microorganism
Common Portals Of Exit - ANSWER •Respiratory
, •Gastrointestinal
•Genitourinary tracts
•Breaks in skin
•Blood and tissue
•Incubation period: - ANSWER •organisms growing and multiplying
•Prodromal stage: - ANSWER •person is most infectious
•vague and nonspecific signs of disease
•Full stage of illness: - ANSWER •presence of specific signs and symptoms of
disease
•Convalescent period: - ANSWER •recovery from the infection
Common Portals Of Entry - ANSWER •Respiratory
•Gastrointestinal
•Genitourinary tracts
•Breaks in skin
•Blood and tissue
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Aerobic - ANSWER Process that requires oxygen
Airborne transmission - ANSWER The spread of an organism via droplets or
dust
Anaerobic - ANSWER Process that does not require oxygen
Antibody - ANSWER A protein that acts against a specific antigen
Antigen - ANSWER substance that triggers an immune response
Antimicrobial - ANSWER able to destroy or suppress the growth of
pathogens and other micro-organisms
Asepsis - ANSWER absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Bacteria - ANSWER single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
Bundles - ANSWER evidence-based best practices that have proven positive
outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection
Colonization - ANSWER does not show symptoms of a disease
Direct contact - ANSWER exposure or transmission of a communicable
disease from one person to another by physical contact
Disinfection - ANSWER The process of destroying pathogens
Droplet transmission - ANSWER transmission via airborne droplets less than
1 meter
,Endemic - ANSWER a disease that is always present in a population within a
geographic area. For example, malaria is an endemic disease in parts of Africa
south of the Sahara desert.
Endogenous - ANSWER produced from within; due to internal causes
Exogenous - ANSWER Produced outside the body
Fomite - ANSWER A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious
agent from person to person.
Fungi - ANSWER An organism that absorbs nutrients from the environment.
Healthcare associated infection (HAI) - ANSWER an infection acquired within
a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care
Iatrogenic - ANSWER produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a
treatment prescribed by a physician)
Infection - ANSWER Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic
organisms
Medical asepsis - ANSWER practices designed to reduce the number and
transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique
Nosocomial - ANSWER (of a disease) originating in a hospital.
Parasites - ANSWER An organism that lives in or on another organism,
deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it
Pathogens - ANSWER disease causing agents
Reservoir - ANSWER natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of
microorganisms
,Surgical asepsis - ANSWER techniques used to destroy all pathogenic
organisms, also called sterile technique
Transmission based precautions - ANSWER measures taken to prevent the
spread of diseases from people suspected to be infected or colonized with
highly transmissible pathogens that require measures beyond standard
precautions to interrupt transmission, specifically, airborne, droplet, and
contact precautions
Vector - ANSWER a carrier of disease or of medication. For example, in
malaria a mosquito is the vector that carries and transfers the infectious
agent.
Virulence - ANSWER ability to produce disease
Virus - ANSWER smallest of all microorganisms; cause many infections
(common cold, hep b and c, aids) Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, some
are effective in prodromal stage and can shorten the full illness.
An organism's potential to produce disease in a person depends on a variety
of factors, including: - ANSWER 1.Number of organisms
2.Virulence of the organism, or its ability to cause disease
3.Competence of the person's immune system
4.Length and intimacy (extent) of the contact between the person and the
microorganism
Common Portals Of Exit - ANSWER •Respiratory
, •Gastrointestinal
•Genitourinary tracts
•Breaks in skin
•Blood and tissue
•Incubation period: - ANSWER •organisms growing and multiplying
•Prodromal stage: - ANSWER •person is most infectious
•vague and nonspecific signs of disease
•Full stage of illness: - ANSWER •presence of specific signs and symptoms of
disease
•Convalescent period: - ANSWER •recovery from the infection
Common Portals Of Entry - ANSWER •Respiratory
•Gastrointestinal
•Genitourinary tracts
•Breaks in skin
•Blood and tissue
