NUR1220 EXAM 1 Guide With
Solution
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - ANSWER mucosal damage of
esophageal lining due to HCL acid entering from lower esophageal sphincter
GERD: Etiology and Pathophysiology - ANSWER not one single causation
results from refluxation of HCL and pepsin which causes irritation and
inflammation
proteolytic and bile further add to irritation
GERD predisposing factors - ANSWER •Incompetent lower esophageal
sphincter (primary factor)
•Decreased LES pressure
•Increased intraabdominal pressure
•Hiatal hernia
GERD symptoms - ANSWER Heart burn (pyrosis)
Regurgitation
dyspepsia
respiratory symptoms (wheezing, coughing, dyspnea)
otolaryngolic symptoms (sore throat, hoarsness, hyper salivation, choking,
, globus sensation)
GERD complications - ANSWER esophagitis
barrets esophagus (replacement of flat epitheal into columnar epitheleum)
Respiratory (cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, aspiration)
dental erosion
GERD diagnostic studies - ANSWER history and physical examination
upper GI endoscopy
barium swallow
esophageal manometric (motility) studies
radionucliec test
ambulatory esophageal PH study
GERD interprofessional care - ANSWER - lifestyle modification(avoid triggers,
smoking, stress, appropriate weight)
- nutrition therapy(small meals, foods that irritate, avoid late meals)
- drug therapy (PPI: omeprazole)(H2R : cimetidine)(acid protective:
Solution
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - ANSWER mucosal damage of
esophageal lining due to HCL acid entering from lower esophageal sphincter
GERD: Etiology and Pathophysiology - ANSWER not one single causation
results from refluxation of HCL and pepsin which causes irritation and
inflammation
proteolytic and bile further add to irritation
GERD predisposing factors - ANSWER •Incompetent lower esophageal
sphincter (primary factor)
•Decreased LES pressure
•Increased intraabdominal pressure
•Hiatal hernia
GERD symptoms - ANSWER Heart burn (pyrosis)
Regurgitation
dyspepsia
respiratory symptoms (wheezing, coughing, dyspnea)
otolaryngolic symptoms (sore throat, hoarsness, hyper salivation, choking,
, globus sensation)
GERD complications - ANSWER esophagitis
barrets esophagus (replacement of flat epitheal into columnar epitheleum)
Respiratory (cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, aspiration)
dental erosion
GERD diagnostic studies - ANSWER history and physical examination
upper GI endoscopy
barium swallow
esophageal manometric (motility) studies
radionucliec test
ambulatory esophageal PH study
GERD interprofessional care - ANSWER - lifestyle modification(avoid triggers,
smoking, stress, appropriate weight)
- nutrition therapy(small meals, foods that irritate, avoid late meals)
- drug therapy (PPI: omeprazole)(H2R : cimetidine)(acid protective:
