NU 272 Metabolism Review Questions and Correct Answers

NU 272 Metabolism Review Questions and Correct Answers A nursing instructor is preparing a class about age -related changes in the cardiovascular system that occur in the older adult. Which of the following would the instructor most likely include? Thinning of the heart valves Increased blood pressure Atophy of the heart muscle Decreased arterial resistance ✅Increased blood pressure Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system include thickening of the heart valves, increased blood pressure, hypertrophy of the heart muscle, and increased arterial resistance. A client with type 1 diabetes has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse is most accurate in stating "The test must be repeated following a 12 -hour fast." "It looks like you aren't following the ordered diabetic diet." "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months." "Your insulin regimen must be altered significantly." ✅"It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months." The nurse is providing accurate information to the client when they state that the glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic control over a 3 -month period. The test helps identify trends or practices that impair glycemic control, and i t doesn't require a fasting period before blood is drawn. The nurse can't conclude that the result occurs from poor dietary management or inadequate insulin coverage. The health care provider reviews the waist -hip ratio of a male client. The ratio is 1.0. What interpretation is most accurate for this result? Upper body obesity Gluteal -femoral obesity Lower body obesity Peripheral obesity ✅Upper body obesity A waist -hip ratio greater than 1.0 in men and 0.8 in women indicates upper body obesity. Research suggests that fat distribution may be a more important factor for morbidity and mortality than overweight or obesity. The other options are lower body obesity types. The nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes who take metformin to manage glucose levels. The nurse recognizes the client may be most at risk for which vitamin deficiency? B12 C A Folate ✅B12 The medication metformin (Glucophage) increases the client's risk for developing B12 deficiency because the medication inhibits the absorption of B12. The client who is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 is concerned about eating products with sugar in them. What information does the nurse explain to the client regarding the use of sugar? Excess sugar increases demand on the pancreas. Healthy amounts of sugar are usually consumed. Sugar increases natural bacterial flora in the GI tract. Sugar assists with cellular absorption of nutrients. ✅Excess sugar increases demand on the pancreas. Excess sugar increases demand on the pancreas; therefore, less sugar should be consumed. The client who has diabetes mellitus type 2 may have a compromised pancreas. Further stress to the pancreas can cause further injury to the organ. A child is born with dwarfism to normal -sized parents. The physician is explaining how growth hormone (GH) plays a central role in the increase in stature that characterizes childhood and adolescence. What is the first step in the growth hormone chain of events? The liver is stimulated. The hypothalamus secretes GHRH. GH is released and circulates unbound in the plasma. Epiphyseal growth plates of long bones are influenced. ✅The hypothalamus secretes GHRH. Like other pituitary functions, hypothalamic stimulation precedes hormone release. In the case of GH, stimulation is the result of GHRH by the hypothalamus. GH is then released by the pituitary gland, stimulating the liver to release IGFs, which ultimately causes the epiphyseal plates of long bones to grow. What is the blood glucose level goal for a diabetic client who will be having a surgical procedure?