BRM at UC Final Exam
4 common Single Case Designs - ANS-ABAB, Multiple Baseline, Changing Criterion, Alternating
Treatment
ABAB Reversal Design - ANS-type of experimental design in which an intervention is
introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated, and the behavior of a participant is examined on
and off the treatment
Multiple Baseline Design - ANS-Implemented across different skills, participants, or settings.
An Experimental design that begins with the concurrent measurement of two or more behaviors
in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment variable to one of the
behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the other behavior(s). After maximum
change has been noted in the first behavior, the treatment variable is applied in sequential
fashion to each of the other behaviors in the design.
The staggered implementation is important when demonstrating experimental control and a
functional relationship in multiple baseline designs.
Changing Criterion Design - ANS-A type of single-subject design in which the effect of the
treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behavior matches a criterion that is systematically
altered.
Each phase is a change in criterion. Each change acts as baseline for the phase, demonstrating
replication
Alternating Treatments Design - ANS-an experimental design in which two or more conditions
are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the level of responding
Baseline is not necessary in alternating treatment designs.
determines which intervention is most effective
Single Case Design Questions - ANS-Demonstration - to what extent will the intervention work?
Parametric - does more or less of the intervention work better?
Component - how effective is the intervention when various components are added or
subtracted?
Comparative - does one intervention work better than another?
Single Case vs. Group - ANS-Single Case -
Experimental control
, Participant serves as their own control
Variables are measured repeatedly and defined operationally
IV is manipulated actively
Group -
typically produces correlational results
experimental and control groups
treatment results are generalized
fidelity data is typically not collected
Advantages of SCD - ANS-tests conceptual theories
validates intervention effectiveness
focuses on the individual
demonstrates generalization
cost-effective and reliable
Components of SCD - ANS-Research question
At least one participant
At least one behavior
At least one setting
Measurement system for bx and ongoing visual analysis
At least one intervention
Manipulation of the IV to assess effects on the DV (experimental design)
IOA - ANS-Refers to the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same
observed values after measuring the same events.
Purpose of IOA - ANS--confidence in operational definitions
-used for training observers
-assess need for retraining of observers (e.g. observer drift)
-estimates consistency and reliability
IOA for Event Recording - ANS-Total Count IOA (total small count/total large count x 100 = IOA
%)
Mean Count-Per-Interval IOA
Exact Count-Per-Interval IOA (agreements/agreements + disagreements x 100 = Interval
agreement %)
Trial-by-Trial IOA
You want 80% or higher
IOA for Interval Recording - ANS-Interval-by-Interval IOA (Intervals agreed/agreed + disagreed
x 100 = IOA %)
4 common Single Case Designs - ANS-ABAB, Multiple Baseline, Changing Criterion, Alternating
Treatment
ABAB Reversal Design - ANS-type of experimental design in which an intervention is
introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated, and the behavior of a participant is examined on
and off the treatment
Multiple Baseline Design - ANS-Implemented across different skills, participants, or settings.
An Experimental design that begins with the concurrent measurement of two or more behaviors
in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment variable to one of the
behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the other behavior(s). After maximum
change has been noted in the first behavior, the treatment variable is applied in sequential
fashion to each of the other behaviors in the design.
The staggered implementation is important when demonstrating experimental control and a
functional relationship in multiple baseline designs.
Changing Criterion Design - ANS-A type of single-subject design in which the effect of the
treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behavior matches a criterion that is systematically
altered.
Each phase is a change in criterion. Each change acts as baseline for the phase, demonstrating
replication
Alternating Treatments Design - ANS-an experimental design in which two or more conditions
are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the level of responding
Baseline is not necessary in alternating treatment designs.
determines which intervention is most effective
Single Case Design Questions - ANS-Demonstration - to what extent will the intervention work?
Parametric - does more or less of the intervention work better?
Component - how effective is the intervention when various components are added or
subtracted?
Comparative - does one intervention work better than another?
Single Case vs. Group - ANS-Single Case -
Experimental control
, Participant serves as their own control
Variables are measured repeatedly and defined operationally
IV is manipulated actively
Group -
typically produces correlational results
experimental and control groups
treatment results are generalized
fidelity data is typically not collected
Advantages of SCD - ANS-tests conceptual theories
validates intervention effectiveness
focuses on the individual
demonstrates generalization
cost-effective and reliable
Components of SCD - ANS-Research question
At least one participant
At least one behavior
At least one setting
Measurement system for bx and ongoing visual analysis
At least one intervention
Manipulation of the IV to assess effects on the DV (experimental design)
IOA - ANS-Refers to the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same
observed values after measuring the same events.
Purpose of IOA - ANS--confidence in operational definitions
-used for training observers
-assess need for retraining of observers (e.g. observer drift)
-estimates consistency and reliability
IOA for Event Recording - ANS-Total Count IOA (total small count/total large count x 100 = IOA
%)
Mean Count-Per-Interval IOA
Exact Count-Per-Interval IOA (agreements/agreements + disagreements x 100 = Interval
agreement %)
Trial-by-Trial IOA
You want 80% or higher
IOA for Interval Recording - ANS-Interval-by-Interval IOA (Intervals agreed/agreed + disagreed
x 100 = IOA %)
