Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and Correct Answers

Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and Correct Answers *Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* Ans Risk Ans Factor that when present increases the chance of disease Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor Prevalence Ans A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disea se existing in a population divided by the total population Indicates how widespread the disease is Incidence Ans A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time. T herefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease. Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease. Ratio Ans The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. Primary Prevention Ans Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons *Both illness and disea se are absent example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles Secondary Prevention Ans Early detection, screening, and management of disease *Illness absent, disease present example: screenings and testings Tertiary Prevention Ans Rehabilitation, suppo rtive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning *Both illness and disease present example: education Epidemiology Ans study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people Endemic Ans A disease theat is native to a local region Epidemic Ans When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time (spread to many people at the same time) Pandemic Ans Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. (spread to large geographic areas) *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors* Ans Homeostasis Ans A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a articular ideal "set -point" Exhausation Ans Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following a pro longed exposure to noxious agents Allostatic Overload Ans "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on the body