a and p II KENT STATE UNIVERSITY

What wavelengths of light are visible to the human eye? - ANS~ 400-700 nm Where are tarsal glands located? - ANS~ Within a tarsal plate describe the conjunctiva? - ANS~ Highly vascularized, A mucus membrane A thin transparent, membrane List the components of the lacrimal apparatus. - ANS~ Lacrimal ducts Lacrimal gland Which term refers to a bactericidal enzyme found in tears and other body secretions? - ANS~ Lysozyme Vision is the perception of which of the following? - ANS~ Electromagnetic radiation Which type of secretion from the tarsal glands coats the eye and reduces evaporation? - ANS~ Oil What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus? - ANS~ To produce and drain tears What is the distal most portion of the lacrimal apparatus from the lacrimal gland? - ANS~ Nasolacrimal duct Which are extrinsic eye muscles? Superior oblique Medial rectus Inferior oblique Lateral oblique Lateral rectus Inferior rectus Superior rectus Medial oblique - ANS~ Superior oblique Medial rectus Inferior oblique Lateral rectus Inferior rectus Superior rectus The retina is part of which tunic of the eyeball? - ANS~ inner which duct connects the lacrimal apparatus to the nasal cavity. - ANS~ Nasolacrimal Which term refers to the outermost layer of the eyeball? - ANS~ Fibrous what is the translucent anterior section of the fibrous layer (tunic) of the eye called - ANS~ Cornea Which extrinsic eye muscle moves the eyeball laterally? - ANS~ Lateral rectus . Which structures are part of the outer, fibrous layer of the eyeball? - ANS~ Cornea Sclera Which term refers to the posterior, white portion of the fibrous layer? - ANS~ Sclera Which extrinsic eye muscle passes through the trochlea? - ANS~ Superior oblique Which structures are part of the vascular layer of the eyeball? - ANS~ Ciliary body Iris Choroid Which describe the choroid? Part of the inner tunic (layer) Highly pigmented Contains numerous capillaries Part of the vascular tunic (layer) - ANS~ Highly pigmented Contains numerous capillaries Part of the vascular tunic (layer) The ciliary body is part of which tunic of the eye? - ANS~ Vascular The colored portion of the eye surrounding the pupil is called the - ANS~ iris The vascular layer of the eye is also called the - ANS~ uvea what is a highly vascular, deeply pigmented portion of the vascular tunic located behind the retina called - ANS~ Choroid what body is an extension of the choroid that supports the iris and lens of the eye. - ANS~ ciliary what is the opening within the iris of the eye called - ANS~ pupil The choroid, ciliary body, and iris belong to which of the three tunics of the eye? - ANS~ Vascular Which describe the choroid? Part of the inner tunic (layer) Contains numerous capillaries Highly pigmented Part of the vascular tunic (layer) - ANS~ Contains numerous capillaries Highly pigmented Part of the vascular tunic (layer) The inner layer of the eye contains which of the following? Start of optic nerve Numerous capillaries Retina Numerous melanocytes - ANS~ Start of optic nerve Retina What fluid is found in the anterior chamber of the eye? - ANS~ Aqueous humor What is the function of the scleral venous sinus? - ANS~ reabsorption of aqueous humor .Which layer of the eyeball includes the retina? - ANS~ Internal Which fluid is secreted by the ciliary body and fills the anterior cavity of the eye? - ANS~ Aqueous humor The anterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures? - ANS~ Cornea and iris Aqueous humor is reabsorbed from the anterior chamber into the blood by which of the following? Suspensory ligament Scleral venous sinus Vitreous humor Macula lutea Ora serrata - ANS~ Scleral venous sinus The suspensory ligament attaches the lens to which of the following structures? Pupil Retina Ciliary body Iris - ANS~ Ciliary body True or false: Inverted images are focused onto the retina by the lens. - ANS~ true Which structure secretes the aqueous humor? - ANS~ ciliary body what ligament attaches the lens of the eye to the ciliary body. - ANS~ Suspensory What is the function of the lens? - ANS~ The lens focuses light on the retina. The vitreous body, or humor, is a jelly-like substance located between what two structures of the eye? - ANS~ Lens and retina What are the neural components of the eye? - ANS~ retina and optic disc The posterior chamber of the eye is located between which two structures? - ANS~ Iris and lens The ora serrata is the scalloped margin of which structure? - ANS~ Retina The suspensory ligament attaches the lens to which of the following structures? - ANS~ ciliary body Which term refers to a patch of cells in the center of the retina? - ANS~ Macula lutea Which are functions of the vitreous body? Maintains intraocular pressure Focuses an image onto the retina Keeps retina smooth Provide a neural pathway for the retina - ANS~ Maintains intraocular pressure Keeps retina smooth Which structure contains photoreceptors? - ANS~ Retina Which instrument is used to examine the retina? - ANS~ Ophthalmoscope Which area of the retina lacks photoreceptors and is therefore referred to as the "blind spot"? - ANS~ Optic disc The retina is attached to the eye at the optic disc and at the ora ___? - ANS~ Serrata Which portion of the retina produces the greatest visual acuity (sharpness of image)? - ANS~ Fovea centralis Which describes the optic disc? - ANS~ An area of the retina lacking photoreceptors Which are functions of the vitreous body? - ANS~ Maintains intraocular pressure Keeps retina smooth The pupillary constrictor muscle is under direct control of which branch of the nervous system? - ANS~ Parasympathetic Which statement about the pupillary dilator is true? It consists of a spoke-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells. It receives parasympathetic innervation. It constricts the pupil in bright light. It narrows the pupil. - ANS~ It consists of a spoke-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells. what reflex refers to the ability of the pupil to respond to the intensity of light. - ANS~ Photopupillary As light passes through different mediums, its path will bend. What is this called? - ANS~ Refraction Which statement about the pupillary constrictor is true? When activated, it allows more light to enter the eye in dimly lit environments. It receives sympathetic innervation. It narrows the pupil. It consists of a spoke-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells. - ANS~ It narrows the pupil. When eyes are focusing on far away objects, they are in which state? - ANS~ Emmetropia The myoepithelial cells within the pupillary dilator are innervated by which branch of the nervous system? - ANS~ Sympathetic True or false: If a bright light was flashed into the right eye, only the pupil of the right eye would constrict. - ANS~ false Which term refers to the bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different density? - ANS~ Refraction Which processes help focus an image on the retina during the near response? - ANS~ Constriction of the pupil Convergence of the eyes Accommodation of the lens The pupillary constrictor muscle is under direct control of which branch of the nervous system? Multiple choice question. Parasympathetic - ANS~ Parasympathetic Failed convergence of the eyes produces double-vision, also known as which of the following? - ANS~ Diplopia Which statement about the pupillary dilator is true? It consists of a spoke-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells. It narrows the pupil. It constricts the pupil in bright light. It receives parasympathetic innervation. - ANS~ It consists of a spoke-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells. Why does constriction of the pupil facilitate focusing on nearby objects? - ANS~ It reduces spherical aberration. True or false: Constriction of the pupil minimizes the blurring of an image by screening out the peripheral light rays. - ANS~ true Which term refers to difficulty in viewing distant objects? - ANS~ Myopia Which term refers to the reduced ability to accommodate for near vision that commonly occurs with aging? - ANS~ Presbyopia Which type of photoreceptor is primarily responsible for photopic (day) vision and trichromatic (color) vision? - ANS~ Cone cell True or false: As we age, the near point of vision decreases. - ANS~ false Astigmatism may result from an irregularity in which of the following structures? - ANS~ Cornea Which term refers to difficulty in viewing nearby objects? - ANS~ Hyperopia What is presbyopia? - ANS~ Stiffening of the lens with age resulting in reduced ability to accommodate for near vision Which are the photoreceptors that are primarily responsible for photopic (day) and trichromatic (color) vision? - ANS~ Cone what epithelium of the retina absorbs stray light? - ANS~ Pigmented Rods and cones are examples of - ANS~ Photoreceptor cells Rod cells are primarily responsible for which type of vision? - ANS~ Scotopic True or false: The pigment epithelium of the retina is a darkly pigmented layer that absorbs stray light. - ANS~ True Which type of retinal cell synapses with the photoreceptors and functions as a first order neuron in the visual pathway? - ANS~ Bipolar cells Which are the photoreceptor cells responsible for night vision? - ANS~ rods The axons of which retinal cells form the optic nerve? - ANS~ Ganglion cells what type of cells and amacrine cells form horizontal connections between rods, cones, and bipolar cells. - ANS~ horizontal Rhodopsin is an example of a visual _______, a molecule that plays a crucial role in visual transduction by changing shape when it absorbs certain wavelengths of light - ANS~ pigment What are the effects of light exposure on the retina? - ANS~ Rods decrease rate of glutamate release onto bipolar cells. Cis-retinal is converted to trans isoform. Which type of retinal cells function as second-order neurons in the visual pathway, as well as occasionally functioning as photoreceptors? - ANS~ Ganglion cell Name the two cell types that function primarily to enhance the perception of the edges of objects, contrast and light intensity in the retina? - ANS~ Horizontal cells Amacrine cells Which term refers to a molecule that plays a crucial role in visual transduction by changing shape when it absorbs certain wavelengths of light? - ANS~ Visual pigment Which would be true about a person with only one eye? She would have impaired stereoscopic vision. She would be completely blind. She would be color-blind. She would have impaired panoramic vision - ANS~ She would have impaired stereoscopic vision. How many fibers of the optic nerve cross over at the optic chiasm? - ANS~ Half of them Having two eyes with overlapping visual fields is necessary for which of the following? Color vision Edge perception Stereoscopic vision Panoramic vision - ANS~ Stereoscopic vision Where does hemidecussation occurs in the visual projection pathway? - ANS~ Optic chiasm - ANS~