Exam (elaborations) BSC 108

Animal organelles - ANS cell membrane - ANSAKA: the phospholipid bilayer the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. Fluid mosaic: proteins embedded in the PBL are free flowing and can move around Chloroplast - ANSAn organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs Cytoskeleton - ANSA network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the cell Define "Science" - ANSThe word science is derived from a Latin word meaning "to know" Golgi apparatus - ANSA system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell How are starch and glycogen different? - ANSStarch is made up of chains of alpha glucose monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. Glycogen is very similar in structure to starch but has shorter chains and is more highly branched. How are the different types of chemical bonds formed? - ANSCovalent: forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons. Ionic: attraction between positive and negative ions (one loses a valence electron, making it positively charged and one gains an electron, making it negatively charged) Hydrogen: polar molecules result in a weak electrical attractions between neighboring polar molecules (ex: water molecules) How do cells move? - ANScells move with the help of cilia and flagella; cilia and flagella are motile appendages, extensions from a cell that aid in movement How do you define something as living? - ANSIt must exhibit all the properties of life How does the hydrogen bond contribute to the properties of water? - ANS1. High Heat of Vaporization 2. Evaporative Cooling 3. Ice Formation 4. Cohesion & Adhesion 5. Polar Molecule 6. Solvent How many electrons are found in the first energy shell? second? third? - ANSFirst Shell: 2; Second Shell: 8; Third Shell: 8 In a chemical reaction, what is the beginning material known as? - ANSReactants In a chemical reaction, what is the ending material known as? - ANSProducts Know examples of each macromolecule. - ANSproteins = enzymes; carbohydrates = glucose, fructose; lipids = fats, wax, steroids; nucleic acids = DNA, RNA