BIO 202 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% A+ Graded_ Arizona State University What is bile derived from? - CORRECT ANSWER -cholesterol Why is bile important? - CORRECT ANSWER -it allows us to absorb fats How much bile is made daily? - CORRECT ANSWER -500-1000 mL What percentage of bile is reabsorbed? What percentage is excreted? - CORRECT ANSWER -
80% reabsorbed in the ileum (returned to li ver) 20% excreted in feces What is trypsinogen? - CORRECT ANSWER -pancreatic zymogen; secreted into intestinal lumen; converted to trypsin by enterokinase What is chymotrypsinogen? - CORRECT ANSWER -pancreatic zymogen; converted to trypsinogen by trypsi n What is procarboxyperptidase? - CORRECT ANSWER -pancreatic zymogen; converted to carboxypeptidase by trypsin What does pancreatic amylase do? - CORRECT ANSWER -digests starch What does pancreatic lipase do? - CORRECT ANSWER -digests fat What do ribonuc lease and deoxyribonuclease do? - CORRECT ANSWER -digest RNA & DNA respectively T/F: Digestion does not equal absorption. - CORRECT ANSWER -True How does emulsification work? - CORRECT ANSWER -Fat globule is broken up and coated by lecithin and bile acids. Emulsification droplets are acted upon by pancreatic lipase, which hydrolyzes the first and third fatty acids from triglycerides usually leaving the middle fatty acid. Are vitamins and minerals digested? - CORRECT ANSWER -No. They are absorbed. What are the fat -soluble vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER -A, D, E, & K (absorbed with other lipids) What are the water -soluble vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER -B complex & C (absorbed by simple diffusion) and B12 if bound to intrinsic factor from the stomach How much water i s absorbed by the digestive tract? - CORRECT ANSWER -Receives ~9 L of water a day... 8L absorbed by small intestine & 0.8L by large intestine; 0.2L voided in daily fecal output How is water absorbed? - CORRECT ANSWER -absorbed by osmosis following the absor ption of salts and organic nutrients When does diarrhea occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -when large intestine absorbs too little water (feces pass too quickly if intestine is irritated & feces contains high concentrations of a solute like lactose) When does const ipation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -when fecal movement is too slow, too much water gets reabsorbed, and feces become hardened What is a nutrient? - CORRECT ANSWER -substance in food needed for growth, maintenance and repair What is a macronutrient? - CORRECT ANSWER -three major nutrients that make up the bulk of ingested food (carbs, lipids, and proteins) What is a micronutrient? - CORRECT ANSWER -two other nutrients that are required, but only in small amounts (vitamins and minerals) What is an essential nut rients? - CORRECT ANSWER -nutrients that must be eaten because body cannot synthesize from other nutrients (45 -50 nutrients are considered essential) What is the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER -45-65% What is the recommended daily intake of lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER -<30% What is the recommended daily intake of proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER -.8 g/kg body weight; 12-20% of total caloric intake
80% reabsorbed in the ileum (returned to li ver) 20% excreted in feces What is trypsinogen? - CORRECT ANSWER -pancreatic zymogen; secreted into intestinal lumen; converted to trypsin by enterokinase What is chymotrypsinogen? - CORRECT ANSWER -pancreatic zymogen; converted to trypsinogen by trypsi n What is procarboxyperptidase? - CORRECT ANSWER -pancreatic zymogen; converted to carboxypeptidase by trypsin What does pancreatic amylase do? - CORRECT ANSWER -digests starch What does pancreatic lipase do? - CORRECT ANSWER -digests fat What do ribonuc lease and deoxyribonuclease do? - CORRECT ANSWER -digest RNA & DNA respectively T/F: Digestion does not equal absorption. - CORRECT ANSWER -True How does emulsification work? - CORRECT ANSWER -Fat globule is broken up and coated by lecithin and bile acids. Emulsification droplets are acted upon by pancreatic lipase, which hydrolyzes the first and third fatty acids from triglycerides usually leaving the middle fatty acid. Are vitamins and minerals digested? - CORRECT ANSWER -No. They are absorbed. What are the fat -soluble vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER -A, D, E, & K (absorbed with other lipids) What are the water -soluble vitamins? - CORRECT ANSWER -B complex & C (absorbed by simple diffusion) and B12 if bound to intrinsic factor from the stomach How much water i s absorbed by the digestive tract? - CORRECT ANSWER -Receives ~9 L of water a day... 8L absorbed by small intestine & 0.8L by large intestine; 0.2L voided in daily fecal output How is water absorbed? - CORRECT ANSWER -absorbed by osmosis following the absor ption of salts and organic nutrients When does diarrhea occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -when large intestine absorbs too little water (feces pass too quickly if intestine is irritated & feces contains high concentrations of a solute like lactose) When does const ipation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -when fecal movement is too slow, too much water gets reabsorbed, and feces become hardened What is a nutrient? - CORRECT ANSWER -substance in food needed for growth, maintenance and repair What is a macronutrient? - CORRECT ANSWER -three major nutrients that make up the bulk of ingested food (carbs, lipids, and proteins) What is a micronutrient? - CORRECT ANSWER -two other nutrients that are required, but only in small amounts (vitamins and minerals) What is an essential nut rients? - CORRECT ANSWER -nutrients that must be eaten because body cannot synthesize from other nutrients (45 -50 nutrients are considered essential) What is the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER -45-65% What is the recommended daily intake of lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER -<30% What is the recommended daily intake of proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER -.8 g/kg body weight; 12-20% of total caloric intake
