PMP Certification: PMBOK Version 7
Scope Management - ANS-A component of the project or program management plan that
describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and validated.
Scope Management Plan includes: - ANS-1. processes to prepare a project scope statement.
2. starts the creation of the WBS from the detailed project scope statement
3. provides how the scope baseline will be approved and maintained
4. specifies how formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained
5. can be formal or informal, broadly framed or highly detailed
Tools and Techniques for Scope Management - ANS-1. Expert judgement (internal or external
experts)
2. Alternatives analysis
3. Meetings
Project Requirements - ANS-The actions, processes, or other conditions the project needs to
meet e.g. milestone dates, contractual obligations, constraints, etc.
Product Requirements - ANS-The agreed-upon conditions or capabilities of a product, service,
or outcome that the project is designed to satisfy
Project scope - ANS-The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the
specified features and functions. "Project scope" may include product scope".
Product Scope - ANS-The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result
Tolerances - ANS-Enables you to effectively manage an issue without needing to escalate every
time
Examples of Tolerance Areas - ANS-1. Budget
2. Schedule
3. Quality
Accepted or baselined requirements (includes solution, business and stakeholder, quality)
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) - ANS-Conditions (internal or external) not under the
control of the project team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project at organizational,
portfolio, program, or project level
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) - ANS-Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and
knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization. These assets influence
the management of the project.
,2 Major Categories of Project Influences - ANS-OPAs and EEFs
Internal EEFs - ANS-1. Organizational culture, structure, and governance
2. Geographic distribution of facilities and resources
3. Infrastructure
4. Resource availability
5. Employee capability
External EEFs - ANS-- Marketplace conditions
- Social and cultural influences and issues
- Legal restrictions
- Commercial databases
- Academic research
- Government or industry standards
- Financial considerations
- Physical environmental elements (weather)
Who establishes the processes, policies, and procedures for OPAs? - ANS-PMO (project
management office) or another function outside of the project
True or False: The OPAs are updated as a part of project work - ANS-FALSE
Document Analysis - ANS-A technique used to gain project requirements from current
documentation evaluation.
Where can I get new project requirements from? - ANS-1. Business plans
2. Service agreements
3. Marketing materials
4. Current process diagrams
5. Application software documentation
Focus Groups - ANS-An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and
subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product,
service, or result. (includes stakeholders and SMEs)
Benchmarking - ANS-The comparison of actual or planned products, processes, and practices
to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement,
and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Interviews - ANS-A formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking
to them directly. Helps identify stakeholder's requirements, goals, or expectations.
,Group Decision-Making Techniques - ANS-Voting, Autocratic decision making, or Multi-criteria
decision analysis
Types of Voting - ANS-1. Unanimity
2. Majority
3. Plurality (largest amount of people agree)
4. Agile methods (thumbs up/down/sideways)/ Fist of five
Mind Mapping - ANS-consolidates ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into
a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new
ideas.
Affinity Diagram - ANS-Allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and
analysis
Facilitated Workshops - ANS-Organized working sessions led by qualified facilitators to
determine project requirements and to get all stakeholders together to agree on project
outcomes
Context diagrams - ANS-A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system
(process, equipment, computer system, etc.), and how people and other systems (actors)
interact with it. (visual in module 2 page 51)
Story Boarding - ANS-A prototyping method of using visuals or images to illustrate a process or
represent a project outcome
Requirements need to be - ANS-unambiguous (measurable and testable), traceable, complete,
consistent, and acceptable to key stakeholders
Business Case - ANS-- Documented economic feasible study
- establishes benefits of project components
- Provides a basis for authorization of further project activities
- projection of anticipated value
Business Needs Documents - ANS-- Provide high-level deliverables
- Prerequisites of formal business case
- Describe requirements - what needs creating and/or performing
Project Implementation Plan - ANS-- considers all stakeholders, schedules, risks, budgets, and
quality standards.
- Identify deliverables - due at the end of the project
- identify project outputs - delivered throughout the project
, When delivering outputs, check if we are - ANS-- Implementing them in a new or existing
business environment?
- Transitioning them into a live environment?
- Decommissioning or removing old systems, processes, or materials?
- Ensuring training and knowledge transfer is complete / satisfactory?
Rolling Wave Planning - ANS-An iterative planning technique in which the work to be
accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a
higher level.
When/how is Rolling Wave Planning used? - ANS-- used in Agile and predictive approaches
- a form of progressive elaboration applied to work packages, planning packages, and release
planning
- Decompose work down to the known level of detail during strategic planning
- Decompose work packages into activities as work progresses
Progressive Elaboration - ANS-The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project
management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become
available
What types of life cycles are there? - ANS-Predictive, Hybrid, and Adaptive
Predictive Life Cycle - ANS-Determine project scope, time, and cost in the early phases of this
life cycle. Activities and work culminate in final output, always a deliverable
True or False: In a predictive lifecycle, requirements are typically fixed, but can be changes
using the change control process? - ANS-True
Another term for predictive life cycle is - ANS-Traditional or waterfall
What do Hybrid methods do - ANS-combine predictive and adaptive approaches to offer
flexibility to teams
What kind of projects should use a hybrid method? - ANS-- Seeking or willing to learn new
methods or techniques
- With a mix of resources and experience levels
- With shorter, iterative time frames
- with high stakeholder involvement
- with in-depth requirements
What are the 3 Adaptive life cycles? - ANS-Iterative, incremental, and Agile
Agile Life Cycle - ANS-- Iterative repetition with incremental deliveries (change-driven/adaptive)
- dynamic requirements
Scope Management - ANS-A component of the project or program management plan that
describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and validated.
Scope Management Plan includes: - ANS-1. processes to prepare a project scope statement.
2. starts the creation of the WBS from the detailed project scope statement
3. provides how the scope baseline will be approved and maintained
4. specifies how formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained
5. can be formal or informal, broadly framed or highly detailed
Tools and Techniques for Scope Management - ANS-1. Expert judgement (internal or external
experts)
2. Alternatives analysis
3. Meetings
Project Requirements - ANS-The actions, processes, or other conditions the project needs to
meet e.g. milestone dates, contractual obligations, constraints, etc.
Product Requirements - ANS-The agreed-upon conditions or capabilities of a product, service,
or outcome that the project is designed to satisfy
Project scope - ANS-The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the
specified features and functions. "Project scope" may include product scope".
Product Scope - ANS-The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result
Tolerances - ANS-Enables you to effectively manage an issue without needing to escalate every
time
Examples of Tolerance Areas - ANS-1. Budget
2. Schedule
3. Quality
Accepted or baselined requirements (includes solution, business and stakeholder, quality)
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) - ANS-Conditions (internal or external) not under the
control of the project team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project at organizational,
portfolio, program, or project level
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) - ANS-Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and
knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization. These assets influence
the management of the project.
,2 Major Categories of Project Influences - ANS-OPAs and EEFs
Internal EEFs - ANS-1. Organizational culture, structure, and governance
2. Geographic distribution of facilities and resources
3. Infrastructure
4. Resource availability
5. Employee capability
External EEFs - ANS-- Marketplace conditions
- Social and cultural influences and issues
- Legal restrictions
- Commercial databases
- Academic research
- Government or industry standards
- Financial considerations
- Physical environmental elements (weather)
Who establishes the processes, policies, and procedures for OPAs? - ANS-PMO (project
management office) or another function outside of the project
True or False: The OPAs are updated as a part of project work - ANS-FALSE
Document Analysis - ANS-A technique used to gain project requirements from current
documentation evaluation.
Where can I get new project requirements from? - ANS-1. Business plans
2. Service agreements
3. Marketing materials
4. Current process diagrams
5. Application software documentation
Focus Groups - ANS-An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and
subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product,
service, or result. (includes stakeholders and SMEs)
Benchmarking - ANS-The comparison of actual or planned products, processes, and practices
to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement,
and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Interviews - ANS-A formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking
to them directly. Helps identify stakeholder's requirements, goals, or expectations.
,Group Decision-Making Techniques - ANS-Voting, Autocratic decision making, or Multi-criteria
decision analysis
Types of Voting - ANS-1. Unanimity
2. Majority
3. Plurality (largest amount of people agree)
4. Agile methods (thumbs up/down/sideways)/ Fist of five
Mind Mapping - ANS-consolidates ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into
a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new
ideas.
Affinity Diagram - ANS-Allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and
analysis
Facilitated Workshops - ANS-Organized working sessions led by qualified facilitators to
determine project requirements and to get all stakeholders together to agree on project
outcomes
Context diagrams - ANS-A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system
(process, equipment, computer system, etc.), and how people and other systems (actors)
interact with it. (visual in module 2 page 51)
Story Boarding - ANS-A prototyping method of using visuals or images to illustrate a process or
represent a project outcome
Requirements need to be - ANS-unambiguous (measurable and testable), traceable, complete,
consistent, and acceptable to key stakeholders
Business Case - ANS-- Documented economic feasible study
- establishes benefits of project components
- Provides a basis for authorization of further project activities
- projection of anticipated value
Business Needs Documents - ANS-- Provide high-level deliverables
- Prerequisites of formal business case
- Describe requirements - what needs creating and/or performing
Project Implementation Plan - ANS-- considers all stakeholders, schedules, risks, budgets, and
quality standards.
- Identify deliverables - due at the end of the project
- identify project outputs - delivered throughout the project
, When delivering outputs, check if we are - ANS-- Implementing them in a new or existing
business environment?
- Transitioning them into a live environment?
- Decommissioning or removing old systems, processes, or materials?
- Ensuring training and knowledge transfer is complete / satisfactory?
Rolling Wave Planning - ANS-An iterative planning technique in which the work to be
accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a
higher level.
When/how is Rolling Wave Planning used? - ANS-- used in Agile and predictive approaches
- a form of progressive elaboration applied to work packages, planning packages, and release
planning
- Decompose work down to the known level of detail during strategic planning
- Decompose work packages into activities as work progresses
Progressive Elaboration - ANS-The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project
management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become
available
What types of life cycles are there? - ANS-Predictive, Hybrid, and Adaptive
Predictive Life Cycle - ANS-Determine project scope, time, and cost in the early phases of this
life cycle. Activities and work culminate in final output, always a deliverable
True or False: In a predictive lifecycle, requirements are typically fixed, but can be changes
using the change control process? - ANS-True
Another term for predictive life cycle is - ANS-Traditional or waterfall
What do Hybrid methods do - ANS-combine predictive and adaptive approaches to offer
flexibility to teams
What kind of projects should use a hybrid method? - ANS-- Seeking or willing to learn new
methods or techniques
- With a mix of resources and experience levels
- With shorter, iterative time frames
- with high stakeholder involvement
- with in-depth requirements
What are the 3 Adaptive life cycles? - ANS-Iterative, incremental, and Agile
Agile Life Cycle - ANS-- Iterative repetition with incremental deliveries (change-driven/adaptive)
- dynamic requirements
