Biology,

Evolution
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Fune
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,Human Health and Diseases : Total 104 Important Points From NCERT-IMP -
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1. Health does not simply mean absence of disease or physical fitness. It
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could be defined as complete[physical, mental, and social well being.J
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Health is affected by: and behair > WHO
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(i) genetic disordersv
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uncontrolled
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*Cancer :
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(ii) Infections ~ ↓ s Y
celldivision
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(iii) Lifestyle including food and water.
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2. When the functioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is
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adversely affected, characterised by appearance of various signs and
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symptoms i.e. we have disease.-
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3. Disease can be broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious.
4.# Disease which can easily transmitted from one person to another are
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called infectious disease. (Common Cold, AIDS etc.)
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5. Among non-infectious disease, cancer is major cause of death.!
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6. Disease causing organism are called pathogen. Most parasite are
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therefore pathogen as they cause harm to host by living in (or on) them.
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,7. Pathogen have to adopt to life within the environment of the host of
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surviving in the[stomach at low pHJand resisting various digestive
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enzymes.
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Bacterial! -
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8. Typhoid : Cause by bacteria, Salmonella typhi, Enter in small intestine
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through food and water contaminated with them. Y
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→ Symptoms : sustain high fever (39 to 40C), weakness, stomach
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pain, constipation,
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Headache,
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loss
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of appetite etc. ↓
→ Intestinal perforation
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and death
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may occur in ~severe case.
→ Typhoid fever could be confirmed by widal test I
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low Respirt
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9. Pneumonia : Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and
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Haemophilus Influenzae are responsible, which infect the alveoli of lungs.
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→ Alveoli get filled with fluid leading to severe problem in
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respiration.- ↓ ↓
s ↓ ↓ ↓
→ Symptoms : Fever, chills, cough. Headache, severe case - lips
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and nails turn gray to bluish in colour~
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→ Healthy person acquire the infection by inhaling the
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droplet/aerosols
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released by an infected person or sharing glasses
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and utensils with an infected person.
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, diseases
prival
10. Common Cold : Rhino viruses represent the group of viruses which
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cause one of the most infectious human ailments - Common cold
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→ They infect nose and respiratory passage but not lungs.
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→ Symptoms : nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, ↓
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hoarseness, cough
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headache etc. which usually last for 3 - 7 days.
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→ Droplet resulting from cough or sneezes of infected person are either
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inhaled directly or transmitted through contaminated object can cause
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India must
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infection in a healthy person.
famous
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> mus +S
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11. nu
Malaria : Cause by different species of plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria
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P. falciparum). P. falciparum is most serious and be fatal.
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→ Plasmodium enter in human body as sporozoites (infectious form)
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through the bite of infected
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female Anopheles mosquito.
→ Rupture of RBCs is associated with release of a toxic substance,
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Hemozoin, which is responsible for the chill and high
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→ Parasites multiply within the mosquito body to form sporozoites that
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are stored in their salivary gland.
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→ Malarial parasite require two host – human and mosquitoes to
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complete its life cycle, the female Anopheles mosquito is vector. V
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