Exam 2 Social Cognition with 100% correct answers

Social Cognition The study of how people think about people and social relationships Cognitive Miser reluctance to do much extra thinking Schemas information about a concept Scripts schemas about certain events Priming activating a concept in the mind Framing presentation as positive or negative Counterregulation the "what the heck" effect that occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure Attributions inferences people make about events in their lives (explains behaviors) Actor/Observer Bias tendency for actors to make external attributions and observers to make internal Fundamental Attribution Error the tendency for observers to attribute other people's behavior to internal or dispositional causes and to downplay situational causes Heuristics mental shortcuts that provide quick estimates about the likelihood of uncertain events Representativeness Heuristic the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the extent to which is "resembles" the typical case Availability Heuristic the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind Simulation Heuristic the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease which which you can imagine (or mentally stimulate) an event Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by using a starting point and then making adjustments up and down from this starting point Confirmation Bias the tendency to notice and search for information that confirms one's beliefs and ignore information that disconfirms it Illusory Correlation tendency to overestimate link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all Base Rate Fallacy the tendency to ignore base rate information and be influenced by distinctive features of the case Hot Hand tendency for gamblers to think their luck will continue Gambler's Fallacy the tendency to believe that a particular chance event is affected by previous events and that chance events will "even out" in the short run False Consensus Effect the tendency to overestimate the number of other people who share one's opinions, attitudes, values, and beliefs False Uniqueness Effect the tendency to underestimate the number of people who share one's prized characteristics or abilities Theory Perseverance Effect once the mind draws a conclusion, it is only changed by overwhelming evidence Polarization the pattern of shifting towards more extreme options Statistical Regression the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to be followed by others that are less extreme and closer to average