Calcium Channel Blockers Study Questions and 100% Correct Answers

CCB absorption nearly complete (low secretion), but most have significant first past effect CCB distribution high protein binding (ex. albumin, glycoproteins); low distribution and high restriction to vascular compartments CCB metabolism CYP3A4 (first pass effect and drug interactions) CCB elimination half life varied from 1.3-64 hours; various formulations available effect of CCBs with short half life cause rapid change in blood pressure, resulting in dizziness, flushing, and can lead to reflex tachycardia formulation with less reflex tachycardia, flushing, and dizziness long half life or sustained release CCBs most CCB formulations on the market have long half life or are sold in extended release formulations benzothiazepine diltiazem phenylalkylamine verapamil dihydropyridine CCB examples amlodipine, clevidipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, nimodipine both DHP and non-DHP CCBs inhibit ____________ channels in __________________ L-type calcium channels in arterial smooth muscles both DHP and non-DHP CCBs promote... vasodilation and decrease total peripheral resistance DHPs are ____________ potent vasodilators and have ______________ effect on cardiac output than non-DHPs more, less non-DHPs have more... direct chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects (automaticity, conduction velocity, and contractility