Chapter 28: The Respiratory System Questions and Answers Graded A

Chapter 28: The Respiratory System Questions and Answers Graded A ______ is 3 times more likely to affect babies who sleep on their stomachs. - ANS- SIDS __________ is a blockage in an artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility. - ANS- pulmonary embolism A condition in which the pleura become inflamed is __________ or pleurisy. - ANS- pleuritis A condition in which the tubes of the bronchial tree become obstructed due to inflammation is known as - ANS- asthma. A hypersensitive reaction to various airborne allergens, causing an inflamed nose, is called allergic - ANS- rhinitis. A pleural __________ may consist of blood, fluid, air, or pus in the pleural cavity. - ANS- effusion A pleural effusion that consists of air in the pleural cavity also is called a(n) __________. - ANS- pneumothorax A pleural effusion that consists of pus in the pleural cavity is called a(n) __________. - ANS- pyothorax Allergic __________ is a hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens. - ANS- rhinitis Allergic rhinitis - ANS- Hypersensitive reaction to various airborne allergens; signs and symptoms include sneezing, itching and watery eyes, congested nasal mucous membranes, and nasal discharge Alveoli - ANS- Clusters of air sacs, located in the lungs, in which the exchange of gases between air and blood takes place Asthma - ANS- Obstructed bronchial tubes as a result of inflammation; signs and symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, increased anxiety, and a feeling of suffocation Atelectasis - ANS- Commonly referred to as collapsed lung; signs and symptoms include cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, and dyspnea Bronchi - ANS- Two branches of the trachea that enter the lungs Bronchioles - ANS- Part of the respiratory tract that branches from the tertiary bronchi Bronchitis - ANS- Inflammation of the bronchi; common signs and symptoms include expectorating yellow-gray or green phlegm, fever, chills, wheezing, and dyspnea By what process are most oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged? - ANS- simple diffusion COPD is the acronym for - ANS- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Coryza, or the common cold, is commonly referred to as an upper respiratory infection and is often abbreviated - ANS- URI. Denise is a 24-year-old who has been diagnosed with SARS. She has a fever, headache, and says she just aches all over. She is very worried, though, because she is a single mother and has two young children, ages 3 and 5. She knows that SARS is highly contagious and sometimes fatal, and she does not want to transmit the disease to her children. Which of the following might be your best suggestion for Denise? - ANS- "Is there someone else your children could stay with until you recover?" During ______, oxygen enters the oropharynx; continues through the sinuses to the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree; and finally reaches the alveoli in the lungs. - ANS- inhalation During external respiration, in what direction does oxygen move? - ANS- from the alveoli into the blood Epiglottic cartilage of the ______ forms the framework of the epiglottis. - ANS- larynx Expiration - ANS- Process of breathing out; also known as exhalation Expiratory reserve volume - ANS- Volume that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume Functional residual capacity - ANS- Volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of resting tidal volume Georgia is a 27-year-old patient who has allergic rhinitis. She has a severe allergy to animal dander, which causes sneezing and severe congestion. She is engaged to marry Bob, who has a cat. The cat is almost 15 years old and has been with Bob since it was a kitten. Finding another home for the cat is not an option—neither Bob nor Georgia wants to do that. Unfortunately, over-the-counter antihistamines have not worked and Georgia states that she is still very congested. What alternatives might the practitioner suggest for Georgia? - ANS- See an allergist for desensitization injections. Glottis - ANS- Opening between the vocal cords Hemoglobin bound to ______ molecules present as a bright red color. - ANS- oxygen How many molecules of oxygen can hemoglobin carry? - ANS- 4 Hyperventilation is a condition of rapid deep breathing, causing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood to - ANS- decrease. In which condition does inflammation cause an obstruction in the tubes of the bronchial tree? - ANS- asthma In which disorder is airflow to the lungs limited and do the alveoli become enlarged? - ANS- COPD Inflammation of the membrane lining of the sinuses of the skull is called - ANS- sinusitis. Inflammation of the membranes lining the sinus cavities caused by either infection or allergies is diagnosed as - ANS- sinusitis. Influenza is - ANS- a viral respiratory disease commonly called the flu. Inspiration - ANS- Act of breathing in; also called inhalation Inspiratory capacity - ANS- Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting volume It is best to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of __________. This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling. - ANS- SIDS Lack of surfactant is responsible for which of the following in premature infants? - ANS- RDS Laryngitis - ANS- Dysphonia, pharyngitis, dry cough and throat, and tickling sensation in the throat Acute inflammation of the larynx; the chronic form is associated with lung cancer Left lung - ANS- Divided into 2 lobes Legionnaire's disease - ANS- Fever of up to 105 degrees, fatigue, anorexia, dyspnea, frequent cough, chest pain, muscle aches, and headache Choice, Acute type of bacterial pneumonia, to which smokers are much more susceptible Acute type of bacterial pneumonia, to which smokers are much more susceptible