Pharmacology GNRS 5301 Test 2 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

*Liver* Disease - -condition is likely to increase a patient's response to warfarin -_____ dysfunction potentiates the response to warfarin -severe _____ may be associated with other bleeding disorders 7-10 days - -time APN would expect to see an increase in reticulocytes after a patient with chronic renal failure begins treatment with epoetin alfa to treat anemia -this is typical response to administration of epoetin alfa -medication is not intended to treat severe anemia Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - -can be prescribed in congestive heart failure & can be protective in the disease -an absolute contraindication of _____ is the presence of bilateral artery stenosis -____ can cause fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; are a pregnancy category C in the 1st trimester and a pregnancy category D in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and during lactation -____ in individuals with renal impairment should be used cautiously but are not considered an absolute contraindication; the vasodilation effects of these meds prevent the kidney from maintaining its perfusion and ischemic renal failure may develop, require caution in use in pts with impaired renal function Bone pain - -there are several side effects associated with hematopoietic growth factors BUT this SE is common to all -is common to all hematopoietic growth factors bc of the increase in bone marrow activity -may be severe and require analgesia Captopril - -ACE inhibitor that requires frequent dosing, which can subsequently negatively impact patient adherence in therapy -has a half-life of less than 2 hours and is the only short acting ACEI -it requires 2-3 doses daily with steady state achieved in 2-3 daysCiprofloxacin - -Ex: APN is treating a 14 yo pt for a complicated UTI, APN notes on urine culture & sensitivity report that organism is only susceptible to quinolone; this quinolone should be prescribed -fluoroquinolones are not recommended in pedi pts bc of concern for joint disorders; only exception is _____, which can be prescribed as 2nd-line therapy in complicated UTIs & pyelonephritis in children ages 1 yr-17 yo Clopidogrel - -aspirin is known to increase this meds effectiveness -drugs that inhibit CYP2C19 (ex: cimetidine) are known to decrease effectiveness of med -proton pump inhibitors (ex: omeprazole) are known to decrease effectiveness of med Clopidogrel (75mg daily) - Dabigatran (Pradaxa) - -categorized as a direct thrombin inhibitor -works as a direct thrombin inhibitor to prevent conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to prevent thrombus formation Epoetin alfa - -medication indicated to increase baseline hemoglobin prior to blood donation -is indicated for this process when iron stores are intact Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) - -Ex: a pt w/ breast cancer presents to the ED w/ a DVT, she will require anticoagulation, appropriate tx regimen=_____ for 3 months -in pts w/ cancer who develop DVT or PE, _____ is recommended for long-term therapy over warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban Nasal polyps - -patient with this is at greatest risk for hypersensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs -aspirin sensitivity is more common in patients with asthma, ____, or chronic uticaria -hypersensitivity or cross sensitivity with aspirin may occur with NSAIDs Nifedipine - -CCB= drug of choice during lactation if CCB is required -is excreted at less than 5% in breast milk, making it the DOC during lactation if CCB is requiredOmega-3 carboxylic acid drug group - Approved for cases of high triglycerides that do not respond to primary interventions Pregnant women - -use of warfarin is not recommended for _____ by ACCP; warfarin is a known teratogen & should NOT be given during first trimester -warfarin is known teratogen & may cause fetal bleeding -use of heparin or LMWH are both options for ____ requiring anticoagulation