Unit 2 [Philosophy of Science and Methodology] Questions & answers with Complete solutions | Latest edition

Unit 2 [Philosophy of Science and
Methodology]
Good science
1) Question
2) Analysis
3) Presentation
4) Experimental Design


The question should have...
significance


Experimental Design
Intimately tied to analysis


Traits of a good design
- a priori predictions.

- determines analysis BEFORE data are collected.

- proper replication.

- symmetry.




Analysis
Statistical methods yield objective conclusions


Descriptive statistics
Characterize data from samples.


Populations have _____ that must be estimated from samples (symbols).
parameters


Parameters:
- Mean
- Variance
- Standard deviation

, - Slope (regression)
- y-intercept


Mean's population and sample:
population: μ

sample: x̄


Variance's population and sample:
population: σ²

sample: s²


Standard deviation's population and sample:
population: σ

sample: s


Slope's (regression) population and sample:
population: β

sample: b


Measures of central tendency:
1) Mean

2) Median (middle value)

3) Mode (most frequently occurring value)


Measures of Variability:
1) Range

2) Variance (s²)

3) Standard deviation (s)


Measures of reliability:
1) Standard Error (SE)

2) Confidence Interval