Sociology chapter 3
beliefs - correct answer-ideas concerning the nature of reality, influential whether they are
true or false
cognition - correct answer-process of thinking, knowing, or processing information
cognitive dimension - correct answer-refers to its complex of ideas and knowledge
most important aspect is beleifs
conflict theory - correct answer-drug use by a member of a drug subculture
because of a lack of power he or she is more likely to go to jail than an upper-class user
cultural diversity
counterculture - correct answer-subculture that is deliberately and consciously opposed to
certain central aspects of the dominant culture
openly defy the norms values and beliefs of the dominant culture
cultural diversity stems from existence of groups known as - correct answer-subcultures and
countercultures
more prevalent in large complex societies
cultural particulars - correct answer-usually cultures develop different ways of demonstrating
the same universal trait
just because societies share a cultural universal does nto mean that they express it in the
same way
cultural relativism - correct answer-perspective that values, norms, beleifs, and attitudes are
not in themselves correct or incorrect, desirable or undesirable, they simply exist within the
total cultural framework of a people and should be evaluated in relation to their place within
the larger cultural context of which they are a part rather than according to some alleged
universal standard that applies across all cultures
removes barriers between ourselves and those who are culturally different
cultural universals - correct answer-general cultural traits thought to exist in all known culture
athletic sports, cooking, courtship, division of labor, education, etiquette, funeral, family,
government, etc
exist because of biological similarity shared by all humans
physical environment (inability to explain physical phenomena, development of religion)
formed because many societies face many of the same problems
culture - correct answer-peoples way of life that is passed on from generation to generation
consists of physical objects as well as patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
culture shock - correct answer-the psychological and social stress we may experience when
confronted with a radically different cultural environment
, Darwins theory of evolution - correct answer-all organisms evolve through the process of
natural selection
best suited to an environment survive and reproduce themselves and the rest perish
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf - correct answer-hypothesis of linguistic relativity
ethnocentrism - correct answer-tendency to judge others in relation to one's own cultural
standards
see those who are different as inferior, ignorant crazy or immoral
promotes social stability because people who are convinced that truth and beauty are theirs
seldom entertain the need for change
fifteen major values - correct answer-achievement and success
activity and work
efficiency and practicality
equality
democracy
group superiority
folkways - correct answer-rules that cover customary ways of thinking feeling and behaving
but lack moral overtones
shaking hands when introduced, opening doors for older persons
we may avoid people who dont follow folkways but we do not consider them wicked or
immoral
conformity to folkways is a personal choice
formal sanctions - correct answer-may be given only by officially designated persons, such
as judges and college professors
functionalism - correct answer-the norm requiring students to listen to their teachers on
request
this norm promotes better education for everyone because of a lack of disorder
George Murdock - correct answer-identified about seventy cultural universals
gestures - correct answer-whether in the form of facial expression, body movement or
posture also carry culturally definied and shared symbolic meanings
Human social behavior is based on __________ - correct answer-culture
Hypothesis of linguistic relativity - correct answer-language is our guide to reality, our view of
the world depends on the particular language weh ave learned
our perception of reality is at the mercy of the words and grammatical rules of our language
because of our perceptions are different, our worlds are different
ideal culture - correct answer-refers to cultural guidelines publicly embraced by members of
a society
beliefs - correct answer-ideas concerning the nature of reality, influential whether they are
true or false
cognition - correct answer-process of thinking, knowing, or processing information
cognitive dimension - correct answer-refers to its complex of ideas and knowledge
most important aspect is beleifs
conflict theory - correct answer-drug use by a member of a drug subculture
because of a lack of power he or she is more likely to go to jail than an upper-class user
cultural diversity
counterculture - correct answer-subculture that is deliberately and consciously opposed to
certain central aspects of the dominant culture
openly defy the norms values and beliefs of the dominant culture
cultural diversity stems from existence of groups known as - correct answer-subcultures and
countercultures
more prevalent in large complex societies
cultural particulars - correct answer-usually cultures develop different ways of demonstrating
the same universal trait
just because societies share a cultural universal does nto mean that they express it in the
same way
cultural relativism - correct answer-perspective that values, norms, beleifs, and attitudes are
not in themselves correct or incorrect, desirable or undesirable, they simply exist within the
total cultural framework of a people and should be evaluated in relation to their place within
the larger cultural context of which they are a part rather than according to some alleged
universal standard that applies across all cultures
removes barriers between ourselves and those who are culturally different
cultural universals - correct answer-general cultural traits thought to exist in all known culture
athletic sports, cooking, courtship, division of labor, education, etiquette, funeral, family,
government, etc
exist because of biological similarity shared by all humans
physical environment (inability to explain physical phenomena, development of religion)
formed because many societies face many of the same problems
culture - correct answer-peoples way of life that is passed on from generation to generation
consists of physical objects as well as patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
culture shock - correct answer-the psychological and social stress we may experience when
confronted with a radically different cultural environment
, Darwins theory of evolution - correct answer-all organisms evolve through the process of
natural selection
best suited to an environment survive and reproduce themselves and the rest perish
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf - correct answer-hypothesis of linguistic relativity
ethnocentrism - correct answer-tendency to judge others in relation to one's own cultural
standards
see those who are different as inferior, ignorant crazy or immoral
promotes social stability because people who are convinced that truth and beauty are theirs
seldom entertain the need for change
fifteen major values - correct answer-achievement and success
activity and work
efficiency and practicality
equality
democracy
group superiority
folkways - correct answer-rules that cover customary ways of thinking feeling and behaving
but lack moral overtones
shaking hands when introduced, opening doors for older persons
we may avoid people who dont follow folkways but we do not consider them wicked or
immoral
conformity to folkways is a personal choice
formal sanctions - correct answer-may be given only by officially designated persons, such
as judges and college professors
functionalism - correct answer-the norm requiring students to listen to their teachers on
request
this norm promotes better education for everyone because of a lack of disorder
George Murdock - correct answer-identified about seventy cultural universals
gestures - correct answer-whether in the form of facial expression, body movement or
posture also carry culturally definied and shared symbolic meanings
Human social behavior is based on __________ - correct answer-culture
Hypothesis of linguistic relativity - correct answer-language is our guide to reality, our view of
the world depends on the particular language weh ave learned
our perception of reality is at the mercy of the words and grammatical rules of our language
because of our perceptions are different, our worlds are different
ideal culture - correct answer-refers to cultural guidelines publicly embraced by members of
a society
