UH Biology 1361 Exam 1 Vocab, Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!

6 functional groups - Hydroxyl (-OH) Methyl (-CH3) Amino (-NH2) Carbonyl (C=O) Phosphate (-OPO3) Carboxyl (-COOH) Adaptation - A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. alimentary canal - the passage leading from the mouth to the anus through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestine; gastrointestinal tract amino group - a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; NH2 apical membrane - the surface of an epithelial cell that faces a lumen, such as that of the intestines basolateral membrane - the cell membrane that faces away from the lumen of the GI tract and toward the submucosa carbonyl group - functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O carboxyl group - A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl er proteins - a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane channel proteins - proteins that provide passageways through the membrane for certain hydrophilic (water-soluble) substances such as polar and charged molecules Cholecytokinin (CCK) - (duodenum) stimulate bile release from gallbladder release of panceatic juices satiety Cholesterol - A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids