Nsc Written Exam Questions.

NSC WRITTEN EXAM QUESTIONS. relative refractory period - CORRECT ANSWER period following absolute refractory period, more difficult for the neuron to fire a second AP since membrane is further below threshold (hyperpolarized); more stimulation required Neuron Doctrine (Ramon y Cajal) - CORRECT ANSWER Neurons are discrete, functional units that communicate by contact, not continuity Reticular Theory (Golgi) - CORRECT ANSWER Neurons fuse to form a CONNECTED network/reticulum, making brain exception to cell theory Golgi stain - CORRECT ANSWER labels a small percentage of cells in their entirety Nissl stain - CORRECT ANSWER Stains cell body of every cell; gray matter = cell bodies, white matter = axons, myelin Neuronal Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER separates cytosol from extracellular fluid, includes phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins Cytosol is rich in... - CORRECT ANSWER K+ Extracellular fluid is rich in... - CORRECT ANSWER Na+ Neurites - CORRECT ANSWER axons and dendrites Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER make proteins Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER folds and packages proteins Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER sorts & ships proteins retrograde axonal transport - CORRECT ANSWER axon -- soma (dynein) anterograde axonal transport - CORRECT ANSWER soma -- axon (kinesin) Site of protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER cell body Where does the AP start? - CORRECT ANSWER axon hillock mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER in soma and axon terminal, responsible for cellular respiration & making ATP Where do we get mitochondria genetic material? - CORRECT ANSWER Mother Are proteins in axon hillock & axon membrane the same? - CORRECT ANSWER no! Terminal/synapse - CORRECT ANSWER Where axon stops 3 parts of cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER microfilaments (actin & myosin - movement proteins), neurofilaments, microtubules How to determine shape of neuron - CORRECT ANSWER # protrusions from soma - unipolar, bipolar, multipolar Golgi II / Stellate axons - CORRECT ANSWER short, bunched Golgi I / Pyramidal axons - CORRECT ANSWER long axon, pyramid at center