Microbiology LCC (Final) BIOL 203, The Updated Questions and Answers 100% Already Graded A+ Excel

Microbiology LCC (Final) BIOL 203, The Updated Questions and Answers 100% Already Graded A+ Excel There are two cell types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. List the 7 classes or basic types of microorganisms and identify each as prokaryotic, eukaryotic, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, or neither. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Bacteria- prokaryotic 2. Archaea- prokaryotic 3. Algae- eukaryotic 4. Fungi- eukaryotic 5. Protozoa- eukaryotic 6. Helminthes- eukaryotic 7. Viruses- neither What is a bacterial endospore? Explain how endospore-forming bacteria could cause a scientist to believe in spontaneous generation. - CORRECT ANSWER-A bacterial endospore is an organism that is able to survive in extreme conditions due to their tough structure. Endospore-forming bacteria could cause scientists to believe in spontaneous generation because, they can survive in extreme conditions that would normally kill bacteria. In spontaneous generation, it is said that living things appear from vital forces existing in nonliving or decomposing matter, but there could be bacterial endospore living in that situation without the scientists knowing. Describe how organisms are placed in the Three Domain (Woese-Fox) classification system vs how organisms are placed in the Five Kingdom (Traditional Wittaker) classification system. Which classification system is more useful to a microbiologist and why? - CORRECT ANSWER-Organisms are placed in the Three Domain classification system by using the three main branches, "Bacteria," Archaea," and "Eukarya." They are placed in each domain based on what kind of cell they are (eukaryotic and prokaryotic). Although prokaryotic cells are both Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea, the members of the Domain Archaea are very different from the ones in Domain Bacteria as they are able to live in severe environments and are also able to produce metabolic byproducts. Organisms are placed in the Five Kingdom classification system by using certain levels that the organisms need to pass in order to go on to the next level. The bottom level is the domain and the organism works its way up to the top level, which is species. It is more useful for a microbiologist to use the Three Domain classification system because it classifies organisms into smaller classifications rather than being broad. The Five Kingdom classification system is more observation based while the Three Domain classification system is more DNA based. Why must an electron microscope be used to see most viruses? Why can't they be seen using a light microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER-An electron microscope must be used to see most viruses because viruses are too small to be seen by the optical microscope. The electron microscope has a magnification of 5,000X to 1,000,000X and it does not use light. Viruses can't be seen using a light microscope because light microscopes do not have as much magnification as the electron microscope and you will not be able to see the viruses. What is the difference between a mixed culture and a pure culture of microbes? - CORRECT ANSWER-The difference between a mixed culture and a pure culture of microbes is that a mixed culture are multiple species growing in a container while a pure culture is one species growing in a container. Mannitol Salt Agar and MacConkey Agar are two examples of media that is both selective and differential. In your own words describe what selective and differential mean. - CORRECT ANSWER-Selective- Contains one or more agents that restrain growth of a certain microbe(s) but urge the growth of another. Differential- Allows several types of microbes to grow and show differences among themselves. All bacteria make humans ill. - CORRECT ANSWER-False In the three domain classification system, all prokaryotic cells are grouped into Monera. - CORRECT ANSWER-False Angelina Hesse suggested adding ______ as a thickener to broth in order to make solid media. - CORRECT ANSWER-Agar Koch's postulates were used - CORRECT ANSWER-to definitively link one microorganism to one disease. In this class of microorganisms, all members are prokaryotes. - CORRECT ANSWER-bacteria The theory that states life can arise from nonliving things and would explain an infection by stating that first the body would be in a diseased state after which microorganisms would appear is - CORRECT ANSWER-spontaneous generation How would you correctly abbreviate Helicobacter hepaticus? - CORRECT ANSWER-H. hepaticus Which of the following class(es) of microorganisms can exist as a multicellular lifeform? (Select all that apply.) - CORRECT ANSWER-Helminthes Algae Fungi Which of the following classes of microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? (Select all that apply.) - CORRECT ANSWER-fungi algae helminthe protozoa Which of the following classes of microorganisms contain even one member that can make humans sick? - CORRECT ANSWER-fungi bacteria viruses protozoa algae helminthes Bacteria are typically larger in size than viruses. - CORRECT ANSWER-true Microbes are ubiquitous. - CORRECT ANSWER-true What characteristics do all living organisms have? Do you agree that viruses are not living? Why or why not? - CORRECT ANSWER-Characteristics that all living organisms have is; they are made of cells, they have a metabolism, they have reproduction abilities, they are able to grow and develop, they are able to move, and they have cell support, protection, and mechanisms. I agree that viruses are not living, this is because they are not cells. One of the characteristics of being a living organism is that they need to be made of cells. How can fimbriae make a bacterial cell more virulent? How can a capsule make a bacterial cell more virulent? - CORRECT ANSWER-We describe a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) as virulent when it is either better able to infect and cause disease or cause more harm to the host due to factors such as presence of fimbriae and capsules.